Micro studio LED spotting method

Status before technical renovation

Our Taiwan Broadcasting and Television Building was completed in 2000. Today, with the rapid development of radio and television, the variety and number of programs in our station have increased sharply compared with ten years ago, and the restrictions on building space are quite large. The "Qinhuangdao News" scenic spot has a total area of ​​150 square meters, and its internal lifting height is 3.4 meters, but it is responsible for the recording of four programs including "Qinhuangdao News", including "Qinhuangdao News" scenic spot, "Legal People's Livelihood" Scenic spots, "Into the Country" scenic spots, "Sign Language News" scenic spots. The narrow space of each scenic spot is difficult to find in the peers. Not only is the environment very cramped, but each scenic spot has to be different in appearance according to the requirements of the program. It requires different use and no interference. They must have their own characteristics, but also have a complement of lighting features. The implementation of the light is extremely difficult.

Before the transformation, "Qinhuangdao News" broadcast scenery and lighting conditions: the broadcast area uses the commonly used small global lighting method for lighting, using: 3 sets of 6 × 36w three primary color cold light for the main surface light, a set of 500w eyes The light is auxiliary light, and the backlight part is combined with two sets of 6×55w three-color cold light and one set of 1000w spotlights. The background level is reflected by the 500W LOGO lamp.

Effect before the transformation: Because the space of the performance area is really compact, the host is less than 1.5 meters away from the background. The lighting of any one of the lamps used by the small global lighting method can cover the entire performance area. We use various adjustment methods to block, soften and dim the light, and the picture effect is always not ideal:

(1) The host is too close to the background, even if the light angle changes slightly, the host's face light, modeling light and background light are confused. Even after fine adjustment, the superimposed coverage between the various lights can not be avoided, the depth of the picture is insufficient, and the host and the background are not separated.

(2) The surface of the three sets of 6×36w trichromatic cold light is flat, the light weakens the facial contour of the support person, and the light will be worn on the background board, thus causing the background board and the host level. Confused. Therefore, we have adopted the design of the face light with the main light source and the three primary colors as the auxiliary. The host's facial modeling effect has been improved, but it still cannot eliminate the confusion between the background board and the host level.

(3) Because the color temperature of the hot light source spotlight and the three primary color cold light is low (often less than 3000k), the color of the host's skin color, clothing and background board is poorly restored, and the color is very unclear. The restoration of white and white is very inconspicuous, and the dark clothing is almost entirely black in the picture. Based on these restrictions, the host's clothing and makeup requirements are very strict, and the colors that can be used are also very simple. The TV screen is not transparent.

(4) Due to the different facial contours of different hosts, when lighting the face of a person, if there is no fine adjustment, a variety of screen defects will appear. Such as: various defects in the nose, the nose shadow will be longer, curved and collapsed than the real nose; it will produce double nose shadow; it will also make the inner corner of the eye dark; the main light with steep angle will produce "black eyelid", The effect of deep eye sockets; the glare without reflection will make the eyes lifeless, lacking expression or dull, which is often said to be "no god"; too strong eye light or a lot of reflection will make the eyes look eccentric. Therefore, before the different hosts go to the program, they need a professional lighting engineer and the host to spend a lot of time to fine-tune.

Transforming with application technology innovation

The lighting effect of "Qinhuangdao News" has always been difficult to satisfy us. For this, we have invested a lot of time and energy to constantly adjust the lighting effects, and also searched a lot of information about lighting applications and lamps. The lack of symptomatic prescriptions made it difficult for us to improve the quality of this important column until we discovered an innovative LED luminaire, the LED spotlight. Together with the manufacturer, we conducted in-depth discussion and research on the lighting of this scenic spot, and came up with an unmanned application of light--using miniature LED lamps close to the host, implementing fixed-point illumination on different parts of the body to form a picture. The difference in illumination ratio increases the picture level and composition depth of field. Close-range precision lighting of small lamps avoids confusion and interference between the lighting of the lamps to ensure the clarity of the picture.

With the support of the manufacturer, the feasibility of the scheme is verified by a simulation experiment. The simulation experiment achieved satisfactory results. After that, we interspersed the construction and completed the transformation without affecting the daily recording and broadcast.

LED lighting attempts and considerations

As an emerging next-generation light source, LED has made great progress with the advancement of technology. However, relying on LED lamps to provide studio lighting is a new attempt. Previously, we also examined a variety of LED lamps, but the color rendering of LED lamps is poor, the edge of the light field has a distinct rainbow circle, the difference between the center point of the light field and the brightness of the edge is large, the lighting is difficult to control, and it is easy to irradiate. The object is smeared. The technical limitations of these LED luminaires have kept us from being too discouraged.

With these questions in mind, we paid special attention to the technical problems of these common LED luminaires during the simulation. After testing the physical objects and lighting experiments, we believe that the *** series solves these technical problems more evenly and basically dispels our doubts. Combined with the characteristics of the "Qinhuangdao News" performance area, we chose 15w miniature LED spotlights as the character lighting fixtures.

Although there has been no successful case of all-LED studios in the past, we have realized that in the long-term continual exploration and improvement of the traditional lighting and lighting methods for the special environment of this performance area, we realized that this area cannot be realized under the traditional lighting mode. Picture optimization effect. Only by forging ahead and boldly innovating can we highlight the encirclement and achieve the desired picture effect.

Innovative application technical description

(1) "Qinhuangdao News" lighting transformation application equipment:

1. 15w 5600kLED spotlight 9

2. 15w 4800kLED spotlight 2

3. 15w 5600k LED eye light 1

4. 36w 5600k three primary color single tube backlight and three primary color single tube lighting fixtures

5. 36w × 2 5600k three primary color surface light

6. 5w 4800k chest light

7. Digital distributed dimmer (LED, fluorescent)

(2) Cloth design instructions

Considering that the background of the performance is a blue-based background board, we chose a high color temperature of 5600k as the main color of the studio lighting to make the picture clearer and the skin color of the characters more delicate.

1. Backlight: Separating the two is the basis for a good picture when the host is very close to the background. The core of the optical design of the three-primary single-tube backlight and the three-primary single-tube row lamp is a uniform illumination of the background at close range. We use 36w 5600k three-color single-tube floor lamp and two rows of lamps to shoot up and down, close to the background. The use of this innovative method not only illuminates the background evenly, but also does not have any light thrown to the front of the performance, which forms a good separation between the characters and the background, and achieves the design intent.

2. Backlighting: 4 15w 5600k LED spotlights are used as backlights, and each fixture is fixed to the host lighting. Two of them are set against the hairstyle, and the other two make the outline light of the left and right shoulders and the big arm. This use can be a good expression of the host's healthy layered hair, and a clear outline. Moreover, since the four independent LED light sources are arranged, the outline drawing is extremely flexible, and the light amount can be adjusted according to the mode of the host and the color of the clothes.

3. Surface light: consists of 5 15w 5600k LED spotlights and 1 5600K 2×36w tricolor surface light. The two spotlights were used to play the two faces, the face and the two eyes of the host. When the face is illuminated, the four lamps have the main illuminance adjustment, which is more suitable for different faces such as square face, round face, overweight, and lean. The effect is very obvious. The squat and clothes are supplemented by a spotlight. From the perspective of character lighting, it has achieved a layered effect. The 2×36w trichromatic surface light is used as a supplemental ambient light provider and is used when it is necessary to increase the brightness of the field.

4. Emphasis on light: 2 sets of 15w 4800k LED spotlights are used to engrave and illuminate the words “Qinhuangdao News” on the background board, so that the font has a three-dimensional sense and a background level.

5. Effect light: Using a 15w LED eye lamp to form the highlight of the eye, the host is more attractive. A 5w LED chest light is used to weaken the shadow of the host's jaw.

Trial run results for innovative LED studio applications

The transformation of innovative applications has had a gratifying effect: (see photo)

1. The color of the screen is significantly improved, and the color, clothing and background colors are more beautiful and true;

2. The picture is clear, clean and full of depth;

3. The face light and reverse lithography are more delicate and layered;

Soon after the show was aired, it was praised by the leaders of Taiwan, the bureau and the city, and appreciated by the audience. In the application, we continue to make new explorations and attempts, and have gained the following application experience of LED lamps:

(1) The front light part; although the face uses a 15w LED spotlight with a small projection angle, the illumination range of the light is well controlled, and the front light of the host does not affect the background, but the light irradiation range is narrow. A new problem, that is, the height of the position of the host and the camera must be completely fixed, otherwise the position change will lead to the overall adjustment of the partial light source, and the lighting engineer is labor intensive. After improvement, it was decided to reduce the front light of the host from the original 5 independent 15w LEDs to 4, respectively, in the face, ankle and lower jaw, and add a two-tube 36w 5600k three primary colors as the overall soft light to brighten, Under the premise of affecting the overall level, the effect was achieved, and the workload was reduced several times.

(2) Backlighting part: Since the backlight uses four independent low-power cold light sources to describe the contour, the protruding level is more flexible. Moreover, the news host's clothing required in the process of production is thicker than the conventional clothing, so the use of a small power cold light source feels very comfortable, and does not feel as uncomfortable as the original heat source.

(3) The background light part; the background is invisibly added a layer, so that the picture adds a three-dimensional character characterization after the task, highlighting the theme of the program, and the picture composition is more full.

In short, in the small-area studio news lighting effects, the completion of small LED lamps, both in terms of level and color reproduction have been improved. Moreover, the choice of the host's clothing color, makeup and background color has a broader space. We call this innovative lighting method "micro-studio LED spot lighting method".

Advantages of new lighting applications

The lamps used in this transformation have contributed to the formation of the screen effect. There are several technical features that are particularly helpful for the effect. First of all, the chip used in the 15w LED luminaire has excellent color reproduction characteristics, and the color temperature is also consistent with the camera standard setting. The three-primary luminaire adopts a special coating process to raise the color temperature by 150k and raise the color temperature of the light source of less than 5600k to the standard color temperature. The combination of the two makes the picture bright and realistic. Secondly, the zoom and soft light function of the 15w LED luminaire is extremely flexible when it comes to lighting the characters, and it can be finely tuned. Third, the three primary color lamps are very bright, and the effective utilization rate of light reaches 76%. For single and double tube lamps, the requirements for use can be met. Fourth, the oblique "washing wall" of the three primary color lamps of the background illumination makes the background and the person's illumination separate in a small space, which creates a precondition for the formation of an excellent picture effect.

The advantages of LED lighting are obvious to all, and there are many other advantages in the application:

From a stable perspective

The news broadcast area was originally lighted by a small global lighting method. Its main advantage is that it is suitable for a variety of styles of hosts, the total effect and stability required by the news area can be effectively guaranteed. Occasionally, you may encounter instability in the recording of this scenic spot due to the accidental extinguishment of a hot light source during the recording process. For recording and broadcasting programs, the production time of the program will be prolonged, resulting in an increase in production costs; it will have an irreversible impact on live programs. Therefore, in order to avoid these situations, the lighting engineer must frequently replace the light source in the panoramic area and check the line, but this invisibly increases the workload for the lighting engineer, and the accidental extinction of the light source during use cannot be completely avoided. . In addition, only some of the luminaires can be powered by the UPS, and once the power outage occurs, it will directly affect the recording.

After adopting the "micro-studio LED fixed-point lighting method", the service life and stability of the LED lamps have been improved, greatly reducing the manpower input for inspection and replacement. LED lamps have low power consumption, and all fixtures can be supported by UPS, eliminating the need for power outages.

From the perspective of energy consumption

In the Qinhuangdao TV news broadcast scenic spot, the total power consumption of the past was 216+216+216+500+1000+330+330+500=3.308kw/h, the air conditioning part was 3.300kw/h, and the total power consumption was 6.608kw/h. . The news single-zone consumption consumes about 6.6 kWh per hour. According to the average three-hour usage time of the news area, the news single-view area consumes 19.8 kWh of electricity per day. It consumes 7227 degrees of electricity per year.

After the transformation, the total power consumption of the performance area is 401w, and the air conditioning part is 400w, which consumes about 0.8 kWh per hour, 2.4 kWh per day, and 876 kWh per year. Energy saving 6351 degrees / year, energy saving 88%.

From the perspective of consumables such as lamps

According to the original low-color temperature news broadcast situation of Qinhuangdao TV station, the heat source 500w bulbs, 1000w bulbs, 36w three primary colors 18, 55w three primary colors 12. The average service life of 500w and 1000w two kinds of hot light bulbs can be used for 10-15 days according to the calculation of 3 hours per day. 36w, 55w three primary color bulbs can be used for about 6 months according to 3 hours per day. It is estimated that the cost of light source consumables for a single scenic spot will be nearly 10,000 yuan per year. The service life of SSHERR 15w LED is 20,000 hours, which can be used for more than 18 years according to the calculation of 3 hours per day. Of course, in the process of using, we also found that LEDs still have some shortcomings. LED lamps have low brightness and cannot be used for long-range light projection; LED lamps cannot use occlusion to block light; LED lamps have a direct relationship with heat dissipation; LED lamps are much more expensive than traditional incandescent spotlights.

The future of small studio lighting

Lighting is a special form of artistic expression, as is studio TV lighting. The lighting device is the brush of the lighting designer. They can use the light to render the atmosphere, portray the characters, transform the flat things into three-dimensional, express them through TV programs, and give people a beautiful enjoyment. When lighting, it is not simply to supply the camera with light, nor to simply meet the illumination requirements of the production technology, and it is not simply to reflect the image appearance within the perspective of the lens. It should be the use of light to participate in the creation of art, using light to paint and shape the image before the lens. We must not stick to the rules, and stick to the rigid conceptual lighting of the main light, backlight, and auxiliary light position. In comparison with conventional low-color warm light sources and new equipment high color temperature LED cold light sources, we have summarized the advantages and disadvantages of LED light sources. As an emerging next-generation light source, LED has a very broad space in small studios with its high-quality picture effects, power saving and long life. The success of the "micro-studio LED fixed-point lighting method" has far-reaching significance for the majority of city and county TV stations and non-professional TV stations. Local stations have low advertising revenues and lack of economic strength. They do not all have sufficient regional resources and high building resources.

The success of the "micro-studio LED fixed-point lighting method" opened up a way to achieve excellent effect picture studios in an area of ​​more than 10 square meters and a standard height of 3.2 meters. Due to the cold light characteristics of the LED, it is possible to approach the illumination. Close to the lighting makes the lighting of the lamps more precise, and the amount of lamps is greatly reduced, and the cost of the lighting system is greatly reduced. Further, the construction of professional studios can be completed in any low-rise building environment, eliminating the huge investment in special height studio construction, and it has great economic value for all studio builders with insufficient economic strength. The "low input, high output" lighting effect has provided strong support for the development of small and medium-sized TV stations, and is bound to become a trend in the development of small studio lighting in the future. Energy conservation and environmental protection conform to the trend of social development and are advocated by the state. We are also proud of the social benefits of this successful transformation.