PAN is an abbreviation of Personal Area Network and refers to a personal area network. A wireless personal area network (WPAN) is a personal area network that uses a wireless connection. It is used for communication between digital assistant devices such as telephones, computers, accessory devices, and small-scale (the working area of ​​personal area networks is typically within 10 meters).
1 Basic definition
In recent years, with the development of various short-range wireless communication technologies, a new concept has been proposed, namely Personal Area Network (PAN).
The core idea of ​​PAN is to replace the traditional wired cable with radio or infrared to realize the intelligent interconnection of personal information terminals and to form a personalized information network. From the perspective of the computer network, the PAN is a local area network; from the perspective of the telecommunication network, the PAN is an access network, so some people refer to the PAN as the "last mile" solution of the telecommunication network.
PAN is positioned in home and small office applications. Its main applications include voice communication gateways, data communication gateways, information appliances interconnection and automatic information exchange.
The Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) is an emerging wireless communication network technology proposed to achieve a small activity radius, a rich service type, and a specific group and wireless seamless connection. WPAN can effectively solve the "last few meters of cable" problem, and then carry out wireless networking to the end.
A WPAN is a wireless network that is juxtaposed with a wireless wide area network (WWAN), a wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN), or a wireless local area network (WLAN) but has a relatively small coverage. In terms of network composition, the WPAN is located at the end of the entire network chain, and is used to implement the connection between the terminal and the terminal at the same place, such as connecting a mobile phone and a Bluetooth headset. The range covered by WPAN is generally within 10m radius and must be operated in a licensed wireless band. WPAN devices have the advantages of low cost, small size, easy operation and low power consumption.
2 Principles and methods
The implementation technologies of PAN mainly include: Bluetooth, IrDA, Home RF, ZigBee and UWB (Ultra-Wideband Radio).
Technologies that support wireless personal area networks include: Bluetooth, ZigBee, Overclocking Band (UWB), IrDA, HomeRF, etc. Among them, Bluetooth technology is the most widely used in wireless personal area networks. Each technology can only be used optimally for a specific use, application or domain. Moreover, while in some respects some technologies are considered to compete with each other in wireless personal area network space, they are often complementary to each other.
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.15 Working Group is the body that defines the definition of wireless personal area networks. In addition to 802.15 based on Bluetooth technology, IEEE also recommends two other types: low frequency 802.15.4 (TG4, also known as ZigBee) and high frequency 802.15.3 (TG3, also known as hyperband or UWB). TG4 ZigBee provides data transfer speeds of 20 Kbps or 250 Kbps for low-voltage and low-cost home control solutions, while TG3 UWB supports data transfer speeds between 20 Mbps and 1 Gbps for multimedia.
3 four indicators
* IrDA technology is the first choice for devices that require high transmission rates, low usage times, small moving range, and low price, such as printers, scanners, and digital cameras.
* If the device is of a kind that has a wide range of activities and can be quickly interconnected with a variety of devices, such as laptops, digital cordless phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), mobile phones, etc., Bluetooth or WPAN is ideal.
* HomeRF technology is convenient for small companies or similar villa families, as both environments have a larger radius of activity than Bluetooth and WPAN, and are generally smaller than the radius of a wireless LAN. But this is not to say that the status of HomeRF is peace of mind. Because a technology is indispensable if it wants to become an internationally recognized standard. HomeRF's advantage in transmission distance is likely to be defeated by Bluetooth.
4 Bluetooth is the hottest
Bluetooth technology is a short-range wireless communication technology that supports point-to-point, point-to-multipoint voice and data services. The development of Bluetooth technology has greatly promoted the development of PAN technology. The original intention of Bluetooth is to use a small, low-cost and low-power wireless communication technology to form a network around the individual, making it cover a variety of areas. Informatized mobile or fixed devices can achieve resource sharing "seamlessly". The essence of this is to establish a common standard for the radio air interface and its control software, so that the communication and the computer can be further combined, so that the devices produced by different manufacturers can be in close proximity without wires or cables connected to each other. Interoperability and interoperability in the scope. Because Bluetooth technology can be easily embedded in a single CMOS chip, it is especially suitable for small mobile communication devices.
5 ZigBee receives much attention
The security of ZigBee technology is very high, and there has not been a cracking precedent in the world. Its security stems from its systematic design: AES encryption (advanced encryption system), which is 12 times more rigorous than bank card encryption technology. Secondly, Zigbee adopts honeycomb structure networking, each device can pass multiple directions. Communication with the gateway, the network stability is high; in addition, its network capacity theoretical node is 65,300, enough to meet the needs of home network coverage, even intelligent communities, intelligent buildings, etc. can still fully cover; Finally, Zigbee has the ability of two-way communication, not only Can send commands to the device, and the device will feedback the execution status back, which is very important for the terminal experience, especially the security equipment. If you click to close the door, but don't know if the door is really locked, it will bring In addition, Zigbee uses a very low power design, can be fully battery powered, in theory, a battery can be used for more than 10 years, energy saving and environmental protection.
In general, IrDA is suitable for devices that require high transmission rate, low number of uses, small moving range, and relatively low price, such as printers, scanners, and digital cameras. IEEE802.11 has a long transmission distance and is fast. Suitable for wireless networks with large distances in corporate companies. HomeRF technology is more suitable for communication in the home environment because the radius of activity of this environment is greater than the range of motion specified by Bluetooth technology, and is generally smaller than the radius of IEEE 802.1l. Bluetooth technology hops fast. Low power consumption and flexibility make it more advantageous for mobile device interconnection, especially for devices that require a wide range of activities and require quick interconnection of multiple devices, such as laptops, digital cordless phones, PDAs. Mobile phones, etc., are also more attractive and competitive in the emerging personal area network.
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