The frame rate, also commonly described as frames per second (FPS), refers to the number of still frames displayed per second. For film and television producers, it is the first setting you choose when shooting: 24, 25, 30. The 24FPS is considered the standard for the "movie" frame rate. The 30FPS is widely used in North America, Japan, and South Asia. The 25FPS is a radio and television standard in Europe and China.
For example, the following movie fragment of one second:
We separate this shot from one frame to another, and each frame represents 1/24 second.
Then the question is coming: Why is it 24? Why not 22, 23, 28.59? Your experience tells you that most filmmakers will choose 24FPS, so why do we want to shoot with 24FPS?
For the human eye, we can perceive ten to twelve frames per second. Once more images pass per second, the gap between each image is shortened, and our brain recognizes the image as motion. Psychologist Max Wertheimer first invented Phi Phenomenon.
From the early 20th century to the 1920s, there was no industry standard for frame rates and no rules. For the best interest of the film company, the frame rate must be kept as low as possible, because the higher the frame rate, the more film is used, and the more film used, the higher the cost. While higher frame rates produce better visual persistence, the 16FPS is still an unofficial standard for silent movies.
As for the development of the frame rate in the history of the film industry, until today why we use 24FPS as the industry standard, through the following video explanation, you can get a deeper understanding.
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Choosing 24FPS, which also involves a little basic mathematics, 24 is an even number that is easy to be divisible, the editor will calculate in the instant that half a second is 12 frames, 1/4 seconds and 6 frames...
After talking about the principle and development of the movie frame rate, it is time to return to the present, then how do we choose the frame rate in the usual film and television creation?
24fps (movie shooting)
Film companies in the late 1920s adopted 24 frames as the industry standard. Filming with this standard not only minimizes the cost but also provides a good viewing experience. Most movies are now basically shot according to this standard, and the lower frame rate can capture more motion blur, making the action more realistic and smooth. Of course, in order to pursue a more extreme visual experience, some movies have also chosen a higher frame rate, such as "Hobbit", "Avatar 2" uses 48 frames, 48 ​​frames, "Billilin's midfield battle 》120 frames, 120 frames.
25/30fps (for TV shooting)
The American TV system has been 30fps since ancient times, and the broadcast TV is actually 29.97fps. 30fps was chosen to synchronize with the US power standard 60 Hz, which is often called NTFS. In Europe, this system is 25fps, because the European power standard is 60 Hz, this system is called PAL. Network video is typically 30fps, or 60fps.
50/60fps (for sports shooting)
50fps and 60fps are ideal for fast action shooting. After the shooting is complete, you can also perform frame rate conversion through post-production, let the higher frame rate slowly drop to 30fps and then turn into a slow motion video.
120/240fps (slow motion)
The ultra-high frame rate gives extreme effects to slow-motion shots, and can take 120fps or 240fps slow motion depending on the upper limit of your camera's parameter settings.
Extended reading
Dro f rame TimeCode
The following gif is dro-f rame timecode (left), Non dro-f rame timecode (right). Note that the 29.97FPS on the left side skips 2 frames in one round.
When the color TV was born, it had a small impact on black and white TV. Because the color signal interferes with the black and white signal. The industry name is the color subcarrier frequency. This signal provides hue and saturation, but the picture displayed on black and white TV is "stationary". Therefore, the frame rate can only be reduced to 29.97 to avoid this problem, so it has become the industry standard system. This format is dro-f rame, and 30fps is called Non dro-f rame.
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