With the improvement of submarine automation, especially the use of power electronic technology in submarines, a new generation of high-power power electronic devices, research and development in materials, theory, mechanism, manufacturing technology and application technology Shanghai Electric Equipment will surely further develop towards high reliability and energy saving; the submarine's power distribution, electric propulsion and electric drive will bring about major changes and also bring breakthroughs in the widespread use of power electronic technology on submarines Sexual progress.
1 Power Electronics Technology Power electronics technology is a comprehensive technology integrating power electronics devices, power electronics power conversion technology and control technology. The control technology represented by the application of power electronic devices and computers to process and transform electrical energy is the main content of its research.
Since the beginning, dozens of products have appeared in power semiconductor devices, but from the perspective of theory, structure and process innovation, the breadth of application and the continuous development perspective, power diodes, thyristors, turn-off thyristors (GO) and electric field control devices (GB1 is representative of several development platforms, and several related devices are derived from each platform. The advent of each device has led to continuous innovations in power conversion circuits and their control technologies. Pulse Width Modulation (IWM) circuits , Zero current (ZCS) and zero voltage (ZVS and other resonant soft switching circuits have become an important part of the power conversion circuit. Its control technology is controlled by the original discrete component analog circuit, and gradually developed into a microprocessor-based microcontroller And digital signal processor (DSP) and other digital control systems.
A variety of different power converters essentially transform the input electrical parameters of the system into the output electrical parameters required by the user. The most basic electrical parameters are voltage, current, frequency, phase number, waveform, and power. Transformers based on the principle of electromagnetic induction realize the free transformation of AC voltage and AC current, realize high-voltage AC transmission and low-voltage distribution to users, and make the convenient use of electrical energy a reality; and due to the advancement of power electronics technology, were born Various power converters such as rectifiers, choppers, inverters, and frequency converters complete the controlled conversion of frequency, phase, and number of phases, which optimizes the generation, transmission, distribution, and application of electrical energy. The conversion of various energies at the core enables the comprehensive control and change of electrical parameters to a new stage of high efficiency and high power factor. The comprehensive controlled transformation of electrical parameters makes the goal of "combining high-efficiency electricity consumption and high-quality electricity consumption" becoming reality step by step.
At present, power electronics technology, as the basis of energy saving, material saving, automation, intelligence, and electromechanical integration, is developing in the direction of high-frequency application technology, modular hardware structure, and green product performance. In the not-too-distant future, power electronics technology will make transmission and power supply technologies more mature, economical, and practical. Many new developments in contemporary applied science are closely linked to power electronics technologies, especially power control systems, such as electrical drives, communications power supplies, variable frequency speed regulation, locomotive traction, power transmission, electric vehicles, energy storage batteries , And the ever-changing personal computers and communication equipment based on high-speed data processing, without the support of power electronic power control, the progress of these new technologies will be difficult to achieve. The wide application of power electronics technology has a huge impetus to the development of high efficiency energy saving and automation technology.
2 Application of power electronic technology in submarine The application and popularization of power electronic technology in submarine becomes inevitable, mainly reflected in power distribution system, electric propulsion system and electric drive.
2.1 Application of power electronic technology in power distribution system With the rapid development of power electronic technology, every link in the power distribution system from power supply to load has great development. The distribution system based on power electronics technology has good load regulation and transient characteristics. If the distribution structure is reasonable, the distribution system has high fault tolerance, especially suitable for completely independent or semi-independent distribution systems , Such as ships, submarines, aircraft, spacecraft and other fields.
Traditionally, the conventional power submarine power distribution network uses a centralized radiant power supply mode to supply power to the entire boat load. The electrical load includes the propulsion motor and auxiliary equipment in the power system, various auxiliary machines, Guantong navigation equipment, command boat operation equipment, etc. The propulsion motor generally uses a DC motor, and the auxiliary machine includes all the DC motors and AC motors on the boat and various control equipment. There are many load users in the DC auxiliary power grid and the 50HZ AC power grid, which is the main power supply network, and the other power grids are the secondary power supply network. The DC auxiliary machine power grid is the primary power supply network on the boat, which supplies power to the entire boat DC auxiliary machine and various secondary power grids. The power of each secondary network of the early submarine was obtained by the converter unit. Due to the development of power electronic technology and the improvement of the performance of semiconductor switching devices, the power supply of each secondary power supply network gradually transitions from the converter unit to the current power electronic converter device (chopper, inverter, etc.). For DC loads, the It is DC / D (converter gradator). For AC load, it adopts the direct advantages of DC / AC converter (inverter): small size, low cost and easy maintenance.
Based on the development of power electronics technology, it is only possible to realize a distributed power supply mode on the submarine. The idea of ​​submarine distributed power supply (that is, regional power distribution) is that only the DC power grid runs through the entire ship, that is, the DC power output from the battery pack and diesel generator set is transmitted to the whole boat through the trunk cable, DC distribution board, and DC distribution box For DC users, each cabin has a load center. The load center is composed of modular power conversion devices, that is, different power conversion modules are set up in different cabins according to different load requirements, thereby eliminating the various converter units used in the past. The power conversion device performs power conversions such as direct, alternating, direct, alternating, alternating, and bidirectional, according to the needs of the load, to provide any form of power required by the load in this cabin. And all the circuit protection can be completed by the converter device, which greatly reduces the fault circuit, which is obviously better than the current system. This type of power distribution is particularly convenient for the construction of submarines and modification of submarines, reducing the number of cables that pass through the watertight partition. In addition to the trunk cable and Guantong, navigation, and control cables, the radiant distribution agency is eliminated. Longitudinal feed cables of various existing power grids; converter devices are versatile; it is beneficial for submarine to realize the exchange of auxiliary equipment of the whole ship. To realize regional power supply, the design of modular power conversion device is essential. The following is a design of a modular power conversion device for a submarine based on a power electronic building block modular structure.
The concept of PorElecronCBuiUngBOkPEBB (PorElecronCBuiUngBOkPEBB) was first proposed by the US Naval Research Institute for the design of distributed power supply for ships Thyristor (GTO), high power compound transistor (G1R), power field effect transistor (MCSFET), insulated gate transistor (EB!) Integrated gate commutated thyristor (GCT) and P together with the drive circuit, etc., and It is a new modular concept for the division and construction of distributed power systems. It is a reasonable division of circuits at the system level, extracting the three parts with the same function or similar characteristics
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