The 5G standard consists of many technologies, and coding is a very basic technology. Among the 5G related standards, the world's major camps once argued fiercely about channel coding standards.
It is expected that at the plenary meeting in the United States next month, 3GPP will announce the first phase of the 5G.
To a certain extent, China can be said to have entered the forefront of the world. But we must also understand that the so-called world front is not a permanent transcendence, nor is it that countries will adopt Chinese-led technology. After all, the 5G standard is an international standard, and all countries in the world have a say.
How is the 5G standard formulated?
The 5G standard consists of many technologies, and coding is a very basic technology. Among the 5G related standards, the world's major camps once argued fiercely about channel coding standards. In 2016, Polar, which is promoted by Chinese telecommunications companies, became the control channel coding. This is China's first breakthrough in the field of channel coding, laying the foundation for China to strive for more voice in the 5G standard than in the past. "From this perspective, China can be said to have reached the forefront of the world to a certain extent."
From May 21st to 25th, the 3GPP Working Group of the International Mobile Telecommunications Standardization Organization held the last meeting of the 5G first-phase standard setting in Busan, South Korea. It is reported that this meeting will determine the entire content of the 3GPP R15 standard. It is expected that at the plenary meeting in the United States next month, 3GPP will announce the first phase of the 5G. So, what kind of organization is 3GPP responsible for telecommunications standards development? How is the widely-recognized 5G standard formulated? How much right does Chinese companies have in the process of formulating 5G standards? With these questions, the Beijing Youth Daily reporter interviewed the industry.
up to date
5G independent networking standards are expected to be released next month
At this 3GPP Busan conference, all working groups developing 5G wireless technologies will be aggregated at this conference to finalize the relevant standard technologies for 5G RAN commercialization.
At the conference, about 1,500 standard experts from chipset, mobile phone and equipment suppliers and mobile operators will attend the conference to complete the 5G first phase standard. These include 5G wireless access technology that provides ultra-high-speed data and ultra-low latency, and a conformance test method for 5G terminals. To put it simply, after the end of the Busan meeting, the independent networking standards in the first phase of 5G have been released soon.
A number of Chinese companies, including Huawei, OPPO, VIVO and other communication equipment and mobile phone manufacturers, also discussed and submitted proposals. According to Yang Chaobin, president of Huawei's 5G product line, according to the plan, the standard technology for 5G independent networking (SA) will be completed. After the review and approval, it will be officially announced at the US Plenary next month. Huawei has also prepared a proposal. After the standard is determined, equipment companies can be commercialized with standards-based equipment.
Previously, 3GPP determined that 5G standardization was divided into two phases: the first phase started R15 as the 5G standard and was completed in June 2018; the second phase started R16 as the 5G standard, which was completed in December 2019. The 5G Phase 1 standard will be finalized at the 3GPP meeting in the United States next month.
Dispel doubt
How many of the 5G standards are there?
Some readers can't help but wonder. Didn't last year say that 3GPP has already established a 5G standard? How can I confirm it now? Why is there a saying that the final standard will wait until 2019 or even 2020?
"The last time I determined the non-independent networking standard, this time will determine the 5G independent networking standard." Senior communications observer Xiang Ligang said in an interview that non-independent networking, in simple terms, is not a separate 5G The network should be integrated with other things, such as 4G or 3G, and 5G independent networking means that there is no 4G, completely established 5G network.
“In the non-independent networking, what is the 5G to do? 5G is used as a supplement. The big network is 4G, but in some hotspots, such as the Olympic Games, CBD, etc., these local areas increase the network speed through 5G hotspots. And the user perceives and experiences, but the entire large-scale network is still not using 5G. In contrast, 5G independent networking means that the entire network completely covers with 5G." Xiang Ligang further explained.
"The establishment of independent networking standards means that the deployment standards of 5G networks have been improved." Xiang Ligang said that non-independent networking focuses on hotspots and solves small-scale local hotspot coverage problems. Under the networking standard, the 5G comprehensive network coverage problem can be solved. Therefore, the establishment of this standard is very important. It can be considered that the 5G standard is further improved and improved.
Interpretation
What kind of organization is 3GPP?
3GPP is currently developing an organization for 5G communication standard technology, with more than 550 companies participating as member companies. It consists of 16 working groups and is responsible for developing standard specifications for end-to-end technologies for terminals, base stations and systems. As can be seen from the naming, the organization was founded in the 3G era. In 1998, several telecom standards organization partners signed the "3rd Generation Partnership Program Agreement" and formulated the global applicable technical specifications and technical reports for the 3G era. Since then, 3GPP has continued to the 4G era, and then to the 5G era.
Independent analyst Fu Liang told the reporters of Beiqing Daily that the right to speak of 3GPP is determined according to the contribution of the company's history to the organization. Several major equipment vendors, Qualcomm and Intel have greater voices, and they will serve as the chairman and vice chairman of the group. Position. At present, large communication equipment vendors include Huawei, ZTE, Nokia, Ericsson and others.
The China Wireless Communications Standards Research Group joined 3GPP in 1999. Subsequently, with the development of Chinese manufacturers and operators, China's position in it has become increasingly important. According to the data, there are dozens of enterprises or institutions in China that have become partners of 3GPP, including equipment vendors Huawei, ZTE, Datang, Putian, Xinwei, chip makers Haisi, Spreadtrum, etc., mobile phone manufacturers VIVO, OPPO, Nubia , Coolpad, Xiaomi, operators China Mobile, China Unicom, China Telecom, and China’s Xintong Institute.
Secret
How is the 5G standard established ?
According to the 5G network standard development process previously published by 3GPP, the 5G entire network standard is completed in several stages. In the R15 phase, it is expected that by June 2018, the 5G standard (SA) of independent networking will be completed, supporting enhanced mobile broadband and low latency high reliability Internet of Things to complete the network interface protocol. In the R16 phase, it is expected that in December 2019, a complete 5G standard meeting all the requirements of the ITU (International Telecommunication Union) will be completed. The entire 5G standard was fully adopted at the ITU meeting and is expected to be completed by 2020.
Some vendors have revealed that the way 3GPP works is to achieve consensus. A proposal was passed, the only requirement was that there was no company opposition, not how many companies agreed. Based on the patent reserves and interests of each manufacturer, each proposal initially has many companies opposing it. The proposal can rarely be passed untouched. Therefore, many proposals need to be left to the next meeting to continue discussion. It is also necessary to constantly negate and amend some proposals in order to achieve the final unanimous adoption of companies with greater discourse power.
According to informed sources, during the two meetings, manufacturers with important patents will fight for and mediate, such as the reduction of some patent license fees for the other party, so as to "pull votes." Therefore, each company may update its position based on maximizing its own interests and vote for different proposals in the next vote. It is also in this process that the final plan is unified.
Why is it involved in the ITU's adoption? In this regard, Xiang Ligang explained that as an international standardization organization that promotes the 5G standard, most of the members of 3GPP are composed of professional associations and enterprises. Global enterprises can apply to join, which promotes industry, enterprises and experts. Discuss the technical standards reached on the basis of the discussion. After the 5G technical standard is determined by the 3GPP, it will also be confirmed by the ITU International Telecommunications Union. “To a certain extent, the ITU member representatives are in the position of their host country and government. The ITU meeting is adopted, to some extent equivalent to the 'seal' identification. The program representing a standard is recognized as the final official result, which also means The formal determination of this international standard," Xiang Ligang said.
Focus
How much discourse power does Chinese companies have in the development of 5G standards?
What role does Chinese and Chinese companies play in promoting the 5G standard and what role can they play? Professionals point out that the 5G standard consists of many technologies, and coding is a very basic technology. In the 3G and 4G eras, although China has dominated the TD-SCDMA and TD-LTE standards, there is still not much voice in coding. The channel coding of 3G and 4G still uses Turbo codes. Among the 5G related standards, the world's major camps once argued fiercely about channel coding standards. In 2016, LDPC, which was supported by a number of US carriers and enterprises, became the data channel coding. Polar, which is promoted by Chinese communication companies, became the control channel coding. This is China's first breakthrough in the field of channel coding, which reflects China's strength and lays the foundation for China to strive for more voice in the 5G standard than in the past.
"From this perspective, China can be said to have reached the forefront of the world to a certain extent. But we must also understand that the so-called forefront of the world does not mean permanent transcendence, nor that countries will adopt Chinese-led technology. After all, the 5G standard is international. Standards, countries all over the world have a say." Professional analysis pointed out.
Xiang Ligang also said that in the case of the 3GPP standard discussion, the establishment of a standard makes it difficult to measure how much weight a company or some of the companies involved in the discussion and voting occupy. Because there are many factors involved in achieving the final result, it is not a simple cumulative number of votes, but rather an extensive discussion of the various technical groups, multiple rounds of voting results, and a comprehensive consideration of the team of expert chairs.
Overall, however, the industry generally believes that the United States, China and the European Union are currently important players in promoting 5G and 5G standards. “China has become one of the important players in the promotion of 5G and the establishment of international standards,†Xiang Ligang said.
attention
The key to the 3GPP conference is the contention of patent rights
The right to speak of 5G is the number of core patents that have been approved. Liu Qicheng, editor-in-chief of the All-Media Media of the Communication World, said that the relevant standards of the 3GPP research have become the only standard in the international 5G field after being approved and promulgated by the International Telecommunication Union. Subsequently, all manufacturers around the world must follow the standard for equipment production, networking, and terminal access. However, the patent rights under the standard are in the hands of a few manufacturers, so other companies need to obtain patent licenses from manufacturers with core patents, some use patent cross-licensing methods, and some use the method of spending money to buy. The patent cross-licensing is to open the right to use the right to use some equal-value patented technologies and the sales rights of related products. Usually, large-scale enterprises will adopt a patent cross-licensing method, and some will also partially compensate the other party based on the value difference of the patent portfolio; small enterprises can only obtain patent licenses by means of purchase.
Last year, Qualcomm announced a 5G patent charging plan that charges 2.275% to 5% for each mobile phone that uses its patent. That is to say, most domestic Android manufacturers need to pay Qualcomm a patent fee of 68 yuan to 150 yuan for each mobile phone that sells for 3,000 yuan. From the 3G era, Qualcomm has occupied a favorable position in communications technology patents. Its "standard essential patents" occupy the first position with a 10.5% share in the 3GPP standards of the 4G era. In other words, almost as long as it is a 3G/4G/5G mobile phone, it will inevitably use Qualcomm's patents, and need to pay patent license fees or obtain patent cross-licensing.
In fact, all manufacturers have already begun to lay out 5G and apply for corresponding patents. ZTE said that in the 5G field, ZTE has accumulated more than 1,500 patent applications and has repeatedly achieved technological breakthroughs. The first Pre5G Massive MIMO base station has been commercialized in China and Japan. Samsung said that Samsung is in a leading position in 5G. As of this month, with 1,054 patents, Samsung Electronics ranked first in the list of 3GPP member companies that filed 5G standard patents with the European Telecommunications Standardization Organization (ETSI). Huawei released the first 3GPP standard 5G commercial chip and terminal at the beginning of the year, and implemented multiple 5G deployments at home and abroad.
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