At the “5G and Future Network Strategy Seminar†held on April 28th, a hot topic was frequently mentioned. At the 3GPP meeting in March this year, it was determined to speed up the development of 5G standards, and at the end of 2017, the 5G new air interface of non-independent networking will be fixed to meet the requirements of 5G commercial deployment in some regions in 2019. The time is six months ahead of the original. Along with the speed-up of standards and the imminence of commercial time nodes, a series of problems have emerged. For example, what kind of business should the 5G initial network implement? What is the role of the 4G network? What key technologies are needed to achieve deployment? Around these issues, Dr. Ma Dejia, Senior Vice President of Engineering Technology at Qualcomm Technologies, Dr. Hou Jile, Senior Director of R&D at Qualcomm and Head of China R&D Center, accepted an interview with China Electronics News.
Initial 5G network
What business is implemented?
The 5G Acceleration Program gives the entire industry a clear timeline for global operators and end-equipment vendors within the 5G ecosystem to work toward the goal of 5G commercialization by 2019. Based on the non-independent 5G new air interface, the three application scenarios of 5G network: enhanced mobile broadband, high reliability and low latency, and a large number of IoT connections can be achieved?
Ma Dejia said that for enhanced mobile broadband, there are two main scenarios for non-independent 5G network deployment. One is to use millimeter wave implementations, such as AT&T, SK Telecom and NTT DOCOMO. They use LTE to achieve ubiquity. Coverage, while deploying millimeter wave hotspots in hotspots. This type of deployment requires the support of fallback technology. When users enter the LTE coverage area from the millimeter wave hotspot coverage area, it is necessary to ensure a seamless and smooth high-speed connection.
The other is to aggregate 4G and 5G spectrum to achieve high-speed networks. For example, operators like Vodafone have 4G spectrum in Europe, and the 5G spectrum resources obtained in the future may be above 100MHz. Their way is to put 4G and 5G spectrum. Comprehensive utilization, high-speed network through spectrum aggregation. Ma Dejia believes that enhancing mobile broadband is very clear in the 5G non-independent networking mode.
Hou Jilei added that the millimeter wave hotspot is a selective connection. If the millimeter wave can cover and the speed is fast, then choose 5G, and if there is no coverage, return to 4G. However, below the 6GHz spectrum, if an operator has both 4G frequency and 5G frequency, more frequency aggregation will be adopted to increase the speed.
Speaking of the three application scenarios of 5G, Ma Dejia said that in 519 or 2020, 5G commercialization will be dominated by high-speed broadband. Massive Internet of Things and ultra-low latency key business services will continue to be improved in the subsequent development. The deployment of ultra-low latency technology will be earlier, but it also depends on the specific process of standardization.
"There is still a very early stage of 5G development. The industry is focusing on the first version of the 5G standard. There will be seven different versions of the specification in succession." Ma Dejia said, "The first version of the standard will pay more attention to mobile. Broadband applications will have some ultra-low latency technology below 1 millisecond."
Ma Dejia said that in the early days of 5G commercialization, there will be many applications for Gigabit LTE, and Gigabit LTE is essential to enhance the user's 5G experience. Globally, Australian telecommunications company Telstra has launched a Gigabit LTE commercial network, and AT&T has announced that it will use Gigabit-class LTE services with its Authorized Access Access Technology (LAA). From a terminal perspective, the demand for Gigabit LTE will not only come from smartphones, but also in tablets or laptops, or even other types of terminals such as VR devices.
Promote 5G new air interface
Become reality
5G New Air Port (5G NR) is an epoch-making technology, including a number of innovative technologies, because 5G NR must meet a series of expanding and diverse connectivity needs, not only to connect people, but also in a wide range of industries and services. Connect and control machines, objects, and terminals. The 5G unified air interface needs to apply the appropriate technology, spectrum and bandwidth flexibly and agilely to meet the needs of each application and support efficient reuse of future-oriented services and terminal types.
On February 26 this year, Qualcomm announced that it is expanding its Qualcomm Snapdragon X50 5G modem family to support the 5G new air interface multimode chipset solution that complies with the 3GPP 5G new air interface global system. Ma Dejia said that our chipset will support both the frequency band below 6 GHz and the millimeter wave band. It will support the earliest 5G commercial deployment in 2019 and a later deployment in 2020. Qualcomm has announced a 5G new air interface test with AT&T, China Mobile, NTT DOCOMO, SK Telecom, Telstra and Vodafone.
Advancing the 5G new air interface has become a reality, with several key technologies. Ma Dejia said that these key technologies include dynamic TDD subframe structure, massive MIMO, coding technology, millimeter wave technology and unlicensed spectrum deployment 5G technology.
The dynamic TDD subframe structure has the ability to change each subframe to achieve a forward-compatible flexible subframe structure, while greatly reducing the delay, and 5G will use the TDD spectrum extensively. Compared with the 5G and 4G eras, the large-scale MIMO technology is different in how to make full use of the reciprocity of the TDD uplink channel and the downlink channel, so that the large-scale MIMO can play a more complete role. 5G introduces new channel coding techniques such as LDPC coding techniques for data channels and Polar code techniques for control channels.
In the millimeter wave technology, the main challenge is how to use the millimeter wave for mobile broadband transmission, and progress has been made. In the case of non-line-of-sight, Qualcomm implements mobile communication using millimeter waves using beamforming and beam tracking techniques. In fact, Qualcomm has cooperated with partners in the entire ecosystem on millimeter waves to promote the realization of millimeter wave mobilization. Ma Dejia said that we announced this year to conduct millimeter wave testing and experiments with a number of operators and infrastructure equipment manufacturers, such as AT&T, SK Telecom, NTT DOCOMO and other mainstream telecom operators and other equipment manufacturers. We are not only researching related technologies ourselves, but also testing with a number of ecosystem partners to gain a deeper understanding of millimeter waves.
Unlicensed spectrum deployment 5G is a very innovative approach, Ma Dejia said, we are studying how to independently network, deploy and operate 5G through unlicensed spectrum, reducing the dependence on licensed spectrum, which will also be 5G in Rel-15 And a focus on the Rel-16 stage.
Ma Dejia said that the 5G new air outlet has greater flexibility. The 4G network requires the terminal to maintain information transmission with the base station. The 5G enables the terminal and the base station to transmit information only when needed, so that some time periods or frequency band resources can be vacated. "In the next five years, different types of 5G terminals will emerge, including some new types of terminals, so these terminals can use these idle time slots and frequency bands to receive information and carry out some new services and services."
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