First, the effect of light on the growth and production performance of laying hens
Laying hens are visually sensitive animals whose light-receiving system is different from other animals. Different light affects hormone secretion and nutrient absorption in the body. In turn, it affects its growth and development and production of gynecological energy. The difference in light is mainly reflected in the difference in K between the spectrum, the light intensity and the illumination. For visible light, the difference in spectrum can be reflected in the color of the light. Studies abroad have shown that blue and green light promote the growth of chickens; orange and red light promote the reproductive performance of chickens: red light can reduce and inhibit the cockroaches of chickens. However, in view of the different domestic farming models, the complex farming environment, and the variety of cultured species, foreign studies are largely inapplicable to the laying hens in China. Therefore, according to the current situation of laying hens in China A suitable spectrum is necessary. Appropriate light intensity can guide the breeder's activities to suit the production needs during different growth stages. For example, glare can stimulate the hens to feed water and increase their activity, thus enhancing the hen's physique, which is often used during brooding. Strong light intensity is adopted; weak light can reduce the activity of laying hens, thereby reducing heat production and improving feed utilization rate, and is often used in the laying period of laying hens. In addition, a certain light intensity is necessary to ensure that the laying rate of laying hens is high. The duration of illumination is also called the illumination cycle, the illumination system, etc., which is mainly reflected in the daylighting time arrangement of a certain growth period of laying hens. The duration of light mainly affects the sexual maturity and production habits of laying hens. During the laying of laying hens, if the light is increasing, it will lead to the sexual maturity of the laying hens. In the laying period of the laying hens, if the light is continuously decreasing, it will easily lead to laying eggs. The rate has dropped.
Second, the characteristics of different light sources
Traditional light sources for laying hens have latched lights and fluorescent lights . The door lamps have high energy consumption and low luminous efficiency, and the country has begun to phase out. The book can have a short service life and contains mercury pollutants. There is a big environmental hazard. In recent years, the newly discovered LED light-emitting diode, as a new type of light source, has the characteristics of low energy consumption, high photoelectric conversion efficiency, adjustable illumination parameters and good environmental benefits. Under the same power, the brightness of led products far exceeds that of traditional lighting products such as incandescent lamps and energy-saving lamps. The 7-watt LED products can meet the light intensity requirements of laying hens through reasonable arrangement. Energy-saving lamps often need 20 watts or more. High power: the same lighting requirements for excellent LED products can be compared with incandescent lamps and energy-saving lamps, which can be 80% and 60% respectively. Simultaneously. LED products have a long life beyond traditional lighting equipment , the theoretical life of the laboratory can reach 10 million hours. General
Next, it has a life of 25,000, 50,000 hours, while the traditional lamp life is generally 1000 hours. Energy-saving lamps are less than 8,000 hours. The experimental research on the national laying hen industry system and the Hebei laying hen industry system shows that in the laying hen breeding stage, the use of led lights can improve the uniformity of the flock and reduce the consumption and death rate. In the laying stage, the use of LED lights can reduce the death rate of the flock. The use of LED lights in laying hens is safe and reliable. Hebei Province Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Egg Chicken Innovation Team The Coastal High-humidity Layer Chicken Breeding Comprehensive Test Station has demonstrated the first new LED light source technology for laying hens in the province since 2013. The demonstration effect has been remarkable in the past three years, and more and more Recognition of laying hen farms.
Third, LED requirements for laying hens
(a) suitable spectrum
Existing studies have shown that different spectra have different effects on chickens. Numerous spectra have beneficial spectra for laying hens, and some spectra can inhibit the growth and production performance of laying hens. Spectral selection is not suitable, and even delays the production of flocks, especially the development of modern led lighting technology, the spectral energy distribution is strengthened, and the inhibitory maturation of the I-D spectrum of the unsuitable chicken is strengthened. It is easy to delay the production. The phenomenon. It is not the general lighting led provided by all manufacturers on the market, which is suitable for the production of laying hens. It is obvious that the special LED for laying hens is selected.
(2) Waterproof and dustproof
The environment inside the egg house is complex, with high dust and high humidity. Therefore, the lower level of waterproof and dustproof of the LED products for laying hens is likely to cause water in the lamp to enter the dust, and lightly affect the luminous efficiency of the LED. Decrease its brightness. The result is damage to the LED product, affecting production and causing losses. LED lighting for general lighting in the market is open, with chicken disinfection easy to enter the water to reduce life, not suitable for use in the house, must use closed type.
(3) The shape is smooth and the number of grooves is small
The prismatic groove and the fin are the common heat dissipation structure of ordinary LED lighting products , but too many edge grooves and fins are easy to adhere to the accumulated feed dust. In the humid environment of the poultry house, the feed fermentation will breed bacterial virus, and there is a risk of causing the epidemic. . Therefore, the LED products used in poultry houses should ensure the smoothness of the product as much as possible to ensure the possibility of dust accumulation. The LED lamp for general illumination in which the heat dissipation structure is a groove and a fin is not suitable for use in an egg house.
Fourth, the principle of LED application in laying hen culture and reference layout method
(1) The principle of LED application in laying hens
1. LED lamp power selection
The brightness of lighting products increases with power, and LED lighting products are no exception. In the brooder brooding period, the light intensity is relatively large. In the past, incandescent lamps of 60 watts or more or energy-saving lamps of 20 watts or more were often used. The conversion efficiency of LED lamps is high. Only 7 watts of high-quality LED products can meet the needs of laying hens. Similarly, LED products with a power of 3 watts can meet the lighting needs of laying hens during laying. In addition, there is a change in the demand for light intensity during laying hens, especially between different growth stages, but the power of ordinary LED products is fixed and not adjustable. In the transition phase, it is often necessary to manually replace the bulb, which will inevitably cause certain stress on the laying hen and increase the labor intensity of the keeper. Therefore, it is best to choose an adjustable LED product during the brooding stage with dimming requirements.
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