Subsidies appear to be positive on the emerging industry of renewable energy, but in fact it has put a heavy burden on the entire industry.
In the last month of 2011, the National Development and Reform Commission issued a new regulation, proposing that renewable energy subsidies should be increased from 4 cents per kilowatt-hour to 8 percent, which means that at least an additional 10 billion yuan of electricity can be collected each year. Undoubtedly, this is good news.
However, the industry has not been so excited. More people are thinking calmly. This extra $10 billion is not enough. Some experts even calculated that they must increase by 2% by 2015, and a subsidy of 1 cent will be able to meet the rapid development of new energy.
"We can't count on these subsidies. The "Renewable Energy Law" also stipulates that the subsidies are only part, not all, and that there are many measures." Li Lei, a new energy expert, thinks that the renewable energy industry seems to be overweight subsidies and neglects them. Other effective ways of development. Subsidies appear to be positive on the emerging industry of renewable energy, but in fact it has put a heavy burden on the entire industry.
An additional 10 billion yuan is still indifferent to the industry. Since 2006, China's renewable energy tariffs have been levied at a rate of 4 cents per kilowatt-hour, and a total of 10 billion yuan has been collected each year. With the rapid development of renewable energy power generation, the renewable energy price-additional funds have not been able to make ends meet. In 2010, the gap was about 2 billion yuan; in 2011, the gap was as high as 10 billion yuan.
According to the current situation, subsidies are mainly given to wind power. The amount of solar energy and biomass combined is still very small and only a small cup is available. In this regard, Li Lei carefully calculated an account: If the new regulations according to the acquisition of 0.008 yuan / degree, the national electricity as of October 2011 was 389.51 billion degrees, the annual estimate of 4,000 billion degrees, of which household electricity and agriculture Electricity is estimated to be 600 billion kWh throughout the year. Since the new regulations are implemented from December 1, 2011, and household electricity and agricultural electricity are not included, the calculations must be divided into two steps, that is, the first 11 months of 0.004 yuan, after 1 month For $0.008, the annual surcharge for 2011 was levied at RMB 17.198 billion.
How is the subsidy allocated?
At present, the on-grid tariffs for wind power are mostly 0.61 yuan, 0.54 yuan and 0.51 yuan, and the estimated annual power generation is 80 billion kWh. According to the statistics of each accounted for 0.61 and 0.51, the subsidy of 0.21 yuan and 0.11 yuan per kilowatt hour is needed. This way, it needs subsidies of 12.8 billion yuan a year.
Biomass power generation subsidies 0.35 yuan / degree, the country's total electricity is estimated at 3 billion degrees, subsidies of about 1.05 billion yuan.
PV subsidy is also the same calculation method. In 2011, the cumulative installed capacity was about 2.5GW, the annual power generation hour was 1700 degrees, and the annual power generation amount was 4.25 billion kWh. According to 1 yuan electricity price, each kWh needed 0.6 yuan for subsidies, which means 25.5 percent of the annual subsidies. Billion yuan, but in fact, some concession bidding projects are lower than the benchmark price of electricity, in addition to the gold solar project is a cheap Internet access, so the PV subsidies should be far below 2.5 billion. After such a calculation, it will be found that subsidies for wind power, biomass, and photovoltaic are needed at about 16 billion yuan, which is exactly the same as the current fund income. However, "up to 2014, subsidies will not be enough," said Li Lei.
His reason is calculated in this way: In 2013, the cumulative installed capacity of photovoltaics is expected to reach 10 GW, which will require a subsidy of 10.2 billion yuan; wind power is expected to generate 140 billion kWh of electricity, with a subsidy of 22.4 billion yuan; plus biomass and other new materials. The total subsidy for energy is close to 36 billion yuan. The total electricity consumption in the country is expected to reach 600 billion kWh in 2013, excluding residential electricity and agricultural electricity by 100 billion kWh, and levying an additional 40 billion yuan of electricity. This is basically the same as in 2013, if there is no increase in subsidies in 2014 there will be a shortfall.
“At present, we are researching whether we need to increase the subsidy again. This 8 cents is far from enough.†Meng Xianzhu, deputy director of the China Renewable Energy Society, said that before the new regulations are introduced, there is another argument that they can be directly improved. To 1 minute.
With an additional 10 billion yuan, the industry is still indifferent. Apart from the above-mentioned expectation that the subsidy will once again suffer from deficits, there is another important reason that has not mobilized the enthusiasm of the entire industry chain. For example, the power grid, “The 10 billion yuan is allocated to the owners of renewable energy, and no penny will be left in the power grid, so the power grid has no enthusiasm.†Meng Xianyi said, “We are studying a new scheme, namely the quota system, A quota for the power grid is provided each year, and a fixed or fixed amount of renewable energy power generation is specified, and corresponding incentives and subsidies are provided for the laying of power grid lines."
Meng Xianzhe reiterated that the quota system will be implemented in the next year or two. The upper reaches of the manufacturing companies can not get a share of the subsidies, on the contrary, "to enable manufacturers to reduce costs and prices again."
When a complete industrial chain receives subsidy support only in the middle of the period, this kind of subsidy becomes somewhat nondescript. “Upstream manufacturing companies should be given their research funding to improve their independent intellectual property rights, and now we have to provide them with funds of only a few billion yuan and pay a small sum of money.†Mr. Meng Xianyi’s fears are justified, with more than a billion yuan of upstream research funding and owner’s support. The annual subsidy of 20 billion yuan is less than impressive.
Subsidy is not a long-term solution. In fact, the relevant departments have begun to realize that subsidies are not a permanent solution. They can also respond to relatively low-priced wind power. Once high-priced photovoltaics develop as much as wind power, subsidies will not work. As a result, the government has repeatedly proposed the launch of the “Online Electricity Pricing Act†in an attempt to solve the price issue of renewable energy in the form of laws.
Zhao Yuwen, president of the Photovoltaic Committee of the New Energy Society, has been backing the “Online Electricity Pricing Law†and stated that the laws have not introduced the regulations on photovoltaics. The Ministry of Finance has introduced a subsidy policy. This is a strange phenomenon. At present, more than 40 countries and regions have implemented the “Online Electricity Tariff Actâ€. Zhao Yuwen said that the difference between laws and regulations is that “legislation must be enforcedâ€. For example, the principle of the German “Online Electricity Tariff Act†is: Internet access is mandatory; the electricity sector must acquire The law has been in force for more than 20 years; recent on-grid tariffs have been reduced by 5% annually.
However, Li Lei thinks that the introduction of the “On-line Electricity Pricing Act†is still too early. His view is that in addition to wind power, photovoltaic and biomass power generation is still very low in China. For example, photovoltaics must reach at least 5 GW before such regulations can be introduced. Strictly cut prices.
"You can increase the support of the national finance, just like the photovoltaic golden sun project. Before the beginning of 2012, the Ministry of Finance has given 10 billion yuan of support each year." Meng Xianyi said that this is a good plan.
Li Lei proposed another new idea: public welfare funds. He said that such funds originate from the society and are very popular abroad. They include dozens of developed countries such as the United States, Britain, and Japan, as well as Brazil, India, and other developing countries. All countries have established similar public welfare funds. This kind of form has just sprouted in China. Not long ago, 16 private enterprises raised a billion yuan to establish a low-carbon fund. Although the amount is small, it is a good signal.
However, the reporter learned that some foreign public welfare funds have been active in the Chinese market, such as the U.S. Energy Foundation. Lu Hong is the project leader of the U.S. Energy Foundation. She can be seen at various new energy conferences. . She said that the U.S. Energy Foundation’s annual investment in China is US$30 million, and most of it is used for renewable energy.
Li Lei said that there is also a supplementary model that is the CDM mechanism. “If you can establish an inter-provincial carbon trading, it will be a very good way. For example, there are vast lands in the western provinces, and there are a lot of funds in the eastern provinces. If the eastern provinces purchase the emission reductions in the west, the western part will receive funds. With support, the eastern part has also achieved emission reduction.†But Li Lei said with a smile, it seems that it is still difficult to achieve at present. China’s very mature wind power CDM has been repeatedly abandoned by the international community. This new model will be even more difficult.
In the last month of 2011, the National Development and Reform Commission issued a new regulation, proposing that renewable energy subsidies should be increased from 4 cents per kilowatt-hour to 8 percent, which means that at least an additional 10 billion yuan of electricity can be collected each year. Undoubtedly, this is good news.
However, the industry has not been so excited. More people are thinking calmly. This extra $10 billion is not enough. Some experts even calculated that they must increase by 2% by 2015, and a subsidy of 1 cent will be able to meet the rapid development of new energy.
"We can't count on these subsidies. The "Renewable Energy Law" also stipulates that the subsidies are only part, not all, and that there are many measures." Li Lei, a new energy expert, thinks that the renewable energy industry seems to be overweight subsidies and neglects them. Other effective ways of development. Subsidies appear to be positive on the emerging industry of renewable energy, but in fact it has put a heavy burden on the entire industry.
An additional 10 billion yuan is still indifferent to the industry. Since 2006, China's renewable energy tariffs have been levied at a rate of 4 cents per kilowatt-hour, and a total of 10 billion yuan has been collected each year. With the rapid development of renewable energy power generation, the renewable energy price-additional funds have not been able to make ends meet. In 2010, the gap was about 2 billion yuan; in 2011, the gap was as high as 10 billion yuan.
According to the current situation, subsidies are mainly given to wind power. The amount of solar energy and biomass combined is still very small and only a small cup is available. In this regard, Li Lei carefully calculated an account: If the new regulations according to the acquisition of 0.008 yuan / degree, the national electricity as of October 2011 was 389.51 billion degrees, the annual estimate of 4,000 billion degrees, of which household electricity and agriculture Electricity is estimated to be 600 billion kWh throughout the year. Since the new regulations are implemented from December 1, 2011, and household electricity and agricultural electricity are not included, the calculations must be divided into two steps, that is, the first 11 months of 0.004 yuan, after 1 month For $0.008, the annual surcharge for 2011 was levied at RMB 17.198 billion.
How is the subsidy allocated?
At present, the on-grid tariffs for wind power are mostly 0.61 yuan, 0.54 yuan and 0.51 yuan, and the estimated annual power generation is 80 billion kWh. According to the statistics of each accounted for 0.61 and 0.51, the subsidy of 0.21 yuan and 0.11 yuan per kilowatt hour is needed. This way, it needs subsidies of 12.8 billion yuan a year.
Biomass power generation subsidies 0.35 yuan / degree, the country's total electricity is estimated at 3 billion degrees, subsidies of about 1.05 billion yuan.
PV subsidy is also the same calculation method. In 2011, the cumulative installed capacity was about 2.5GW, the annual power generation hour was 1700 degrees, and the annual power generation amount was 4.25 billion kWh. According to 1 yuan electricity price, each kWh needed 0.6 yuan for subsidies, which means 25.5 percent of the annual subsidies. Billion yuan, but in fact, some concession bidding projects are lower than the benchmark price of electricity, in addition to the gold solar project is a cheap Internet access, so the PV subsidies should be far below 2.5 billion. After such a calculation, it will be found that subsidies for wind power, biomass, and photovoltaic are needed at about 16 billion yuan, which is exactly the same as the current fund income. However, "up to 2014, subsidies will not be enough," said Li Lei.
His reason is calculated in this way: In 2013, the cumulative installed capacity of photovoltaics is expected to reach 10 GW, which will require a subsidy of 10.2 billion yuan; wind power is expected to generate 140 billion kWh of electricity, with a subsidy of 22.4 billion yuan; plus biomass and other new materials. The total subsidy for energy is close to 36 billion yuan. The total electricity consumption in the country is expected to reach 600 billion kWh in 2013, excluding residential electricity and agricultural electricity by 100 billion kWh, and levying an additional 40 billion yuan of electricity. This is basically the same as in 2013, if there is no increase in subsidies in 2014 there will be a shortfall.
“At present, we are researching whether we need to increase the subsidy again. This 8 cents is far from enough.†Meng Xianzhu, deputy director of the China Renewable Energy Society, said that before the new regulations are introduced, there is another argument that they can be directly improved. To 1 minute.
With an additional 10 billion yuan, the industry is still indifferent. Apart from the above-mentioned expectation that the subsidy will once again suffer from deficits, there is another important reason that has not mobilized the enthusiasm of the entire industry chain. For example, the power grid, “The 10 billion yuan is allocated to the owners of renewable energy, and no penny will be left in the power grid, so the power grid has no enthusiasm.†Meng Xianyi said, “We are studying a new scheme, namely the quota system, A quota for the power grid is provided each year, and a fixed or fixed amount of renewable energy power generation is specified, and corresponding incentives and subsidies are provided for the laying of power grid lines."
Meng Xianzhe reiterated that the quota system will be implemented in the next year or two. The upper reaches of the manufacturing companies can not get a share of the subsidies, on the contrary, "to enable manufacturers to reduce costs and prices again."
When a complete industrial chain receives subsidy support only in the middle of the period, this kind of subsidy becomes somewhat nondescript. “Upstream manufacturing companies should be given their research funding to improve their independent intellectual property rights, and now we have to provide them with funds of only a few billion yuan and pay a small sum of money.†Mr. Meng Xianyi’s fears are justified, with more than a billion yuan of upstream research funding and owner’s support. The annual subsidy of 20 billion yuan is less than impressive.
Subsidy is not a long-term solution. In fact, the relevant departments have begun to realize that subsidies are not a permanent solution. They can also respond to relatively low-priced wind power. Once high-priced photovoltaics develop as much as wind power, subsidies will not work. As a result, the government has repeatedly proposed the launch of the “Online Electricity Pricing Act†in an attempt to solve the price issue of renewable energy in the form of laws.
Zhao Yuwen, president of the Photovoltaic Committee of the New Energy Society, has been backing the “Online Electricity Pricing Law†and stated that the laws have not introduced the regulations on photovoltaics. The Ministry of Finance has introduced a subsidy policy. This is a strange phenomenon. At present, more than 40 countries and regions have implemented the “Online Electricity Tariff Actâ€. Zhao Yuwen said that the difference between laws and regulations is that “legislation must be enforcedâ€. For example, the principle of the German “Online Electricity Tariff Act†is: Internet access is mandatory; the electricity sector must acquire The law has been in force for more than 20 years; recent on-grid tariffs have been reduced by 5% annually.
However, Li Lei thinks that the introduction of the “On-line Electricity Pricing Act†is still too early. His view is that in addition to wind power, photovoltaic and biomass power generation is still very low in China. For example, photovoltaics must reach at least 5 GW before such regulations can be introduced. Strictly cut prices.
"You can increase the support of the national finance, just like the photovoltaic golden sun project. Before the beginning of 2012, the Ministry of Finance has given 10 billion yuan of support each year." Meng Xianyi said that this is a good plan.
Li Lei proposed another new idea: public welfare funds. He said that such funds originate from the society and are very popular abroad. They include dozens of developed countries such as the United States, Britain, and Japan, as well as Brazil, India, and other developing countries. All countries have established similar public welfare funds. This kind of form has just sprouted in China. Not long ago, 16 private enterprises raised a billion yuan to establish a low-carbon fund. Although the amount is small, it is a good signal.
However, the reporter learned that some foreign public welfare funds have been active in the Chinese market, such as the U.S. Energy Foundation. Lu Hong is the project leader of the U.S. Energy Foundation. She can be seen at various new energy conferences. . She said that the U.S. Energy Foundation’s annual investment in China is US$30 million, and most of it is used for renewable energy.
Li Lei said that there is also a supplementary model that is the CDM mechanism. “If you can establish an inter-provincial carbon trading, it will be a very good way. For example, there are vast lands in the western provinces, and there are a lot of funds in the eastern provinces. If the eastern provinces purchase the emission reductions in the west, the western part will receive funds. With support, the eastern part has also achieved emission reduction.†But Li Lei said with a smile, it seems that it is still difficult to achieve at present. China’s very mature wind power CDM has been repeatedly abandoned by the international community. This new model will be even more difficult.
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