About 95% of automatic transmissions are equipped with "foreign" gearboxes.
For cars, the engine and gearbox are the most important core components. If the current self-owned brand engine has a certain alternative to the foreign brand, then the gearbox field is another scene: more and more automatic transmission cars, but China has not been able to independently develop production and market applications in automatic transmissions. Achieving a qualitative breakthrough, about 95% of the more than 10 million auto-sold cars sold in China each year are equipped with foreign-brand automatic transmissions. Experts believe that the automatic transmission is undoubtedly the biggest "pain" of the Chinese auto industry. It should learn from the development and production of new energy vehicles.
Multinational corporations monopolize core components and own brands rely on "foreign" gearboxes
In English, the word corresponding to the gearbox is transmission, which has the meaning of "drive", which is the function of the gearbox. Another word is gearbox, the "gearbox", which states that the gearbox is a "one box" gear combination.
Wang Shengtang, honorary president of China Gear Professional Association, said, "Gears are a symbol of industry. We have a gear image on our national emblem, and cars account for nearly two-thirds of the gear industry. In one car, it is as small as a wiper and lift. Glass, from the gearbox to the drive axle, requires gears. China's gear imports are mainly used in automotive automatic transmissions."
It is understood that the common automatic transmission can be divided into: hydraulic automatic transmission (AT), mechanical stepless automatic transmission (CVT), electronically controlled mechanical automatic transmission (AMT) and dual clutch automatic transmission (DCT). Compared with the manual gear, the automatic car is more convenient to drive and more comfortable to sit on. At the same time, the combination of advanced engine and automatic transmission has high fuel economy. In Europe and the United States, even heavy-duty trucks are generally equipped with automatic transmissions.
China is the world's largest auto market. In 2015, China's auto production and sales exceeded 24 million units. It is estimated that the current automatic transmission accounts for about half of the country's total annual sales of automobiles, and the transmission of more than 10 million automatic transmission vehicles is almost monopolized by multinational companies such as Japan Aisin, ZF, and BorgWarner, or Produced locally for foreign investment, or purely imported. The domestic auto-transmission capacity is only about 500,000 units.
“Automatic gearbox is the most painful place in China's auto industry.†Wang Shengtang said that due to large investment in independent R&D, slow effect and high risk, many domestic automakers have chosen the “realism†road, which is to purchase ready-made foreign brands automatically. The gearbox has become dependent on foreign countries and abandoned itself for a long time. To this end, China has to spend 30 to 50 billion yuan a year to import automatic transmissions.
The reporter found that the automatic transmissions of self-owned brand cars mostly rely on foreign technology or pure imports: Dongfeng's own brand passenger cars A9, AX7, L60, etc. all use Aisin 6AT gearbox, AX5 adopts German Getrag DCT gearbox The Dongfeng commercial vehicle representative Tianlong flagship uses the ZF gearbox; FAW's own brand red flag, Pentium uses the Aisin automatic transmission. As for domestic buses such as Huanghai, Jinghua, Futian, and youth, the automatic transmissions are made by American Allison and ZF in Germany.
Independent research and development persistence, few investment, large application, less enterprise supportIn China, there are very few companies that have long insisted on self-developed automatic transmissions. After several years of adherence, several companies have developed and produced automatic transmissions, but the lack of brand recognition and lack of reputation for product stability have led to a limited number of loadings, making it difficult for enterprises to expand their scale, reduce costs, and improve their technology. Getting into trouble.
"We have shouted and worked hard for a decade or two, but the whole industry is only in the initial stage of industrialization." Wang Shengtang spoke of regrets when talking about China's automatic transmission industry.
The most common automatic transmission is AT, which is mature in technology, stable in operation and fast in development. A few years ago, there were a large number of 4AT passenger cars on the Chinese market. Now Jeep Free Light, Land Rover Aurora, Mercedes-Benz E-Class and other cars have been equipped with 9AT. Despite the market demand, there are few domestic auto and component companies that independently develop such automatic transmissions.
According to industry insiders, an important reason is that multinational giants hold all the patents of AT technology, and it is difficult for Chinese companies to rush out of patent barriers.
However, there are exceptions. A private enterprise named Shandong Shengrui Transmission Co., Ltd. built 8AT and assembled it on the Landwind X7. Not only that, Chery developed CVT technology to achieve self-sufficiency in the automatic transmission of its models. The component company Hunan Jiangrong Rongda Vehicle Transmission Co., Ltd. also owns CVT technology.
“It’s not easy for local companies to develop automatic transmissions, but not many independent brands are willing to use them. Even if they are expensive, everyone is willing to use mature foreign technology, not willing to give local enterprises opportunities, or they will be local. It is necessary to lower the price." Wang Shengtang said.
Last year, Chery stripped the gearbox technology to Zhejiang Wanliyang Transmission Company. Some analysts believe that the reason is that only the production of a whole Chery company can not significantly dilute the R&D and production costs of CVT technology. The divestiture is designed to reduce the burden on Chery, and it is expected to provide CVT to more complete vehicle companies through the component company of Wanliyang.
In recent years, some domestic enterprises have made progress in DCT research and development. SAIC, GAC, JAC, BYD, Changan, Geely, etc. have already or will soon be listed with their own DCT models. However, industry insiders pointed out that this does not mean that Chinese companies have completely overcome DCT technology, and their technical processes and software have to be improved, and the stability of use is yet to be tested.
It is not appropriate to give up the fuel car technology, new energy vehicles need to learn the lessonMany people believe that in the era of globalization, the world's major auto companies are global sourcing, and Chinese companies do not have to make great efforts to independently develop technologies such as automatic transmissions. It is most cost-effective to purchase and integrate the world's mature products. What's more, now that China is vigorously promoting new energy vehicles, China can give up its own research and development of automatic transmission technology for fuel vehicles.
However, Chen Qingtai, chairman of the China Automotive Industry Association and China Electric Vehicles, and former executive chairman and secretary general of the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, Zhang Shulin and others, spoke of the gap between the independent brands and foreign brands. If you don't chase, you will die immediately, so you can't stop chasing. After all, how long this process of replacing an electric car with an electric car is not good. Today, globalization can be used for technology, but it cannot be relied upon. To build a self-owned brand must have its own core technology.
Automotive industry analyst Zhong Shi said that the Chinese auto industry should see the future of new energy vehicles and take concrete actions, and should face the reality and live in the present. Last year, China’s new energy vehicle market share was 1.3%. If the new energy vehicle was used as an excuse to evade reality, it would become an “ostrich policyâ€.
The relevant person in charge of automobile enterprises such as Jianghuai said that China has put forward increasingly stricter vehicle emission standards for the next decade. If independent brands do not work hard on core technologies such as engines, automatic transmissions and matching, it will be difficult to meet standards and survive.
According to the reporter's understanding, in the past, when independent brands such as Jianghuai, Chang'an and Great Wall purchased automatic transmissions from multinational companies, they all suffered “price increases†and “limited pricesâ€, resulting in the production of some popular self-owned brand models. . It can be seen that if a company lacks core technology, it will lose its competitive advantage and development autonomy. In the next decade or more, the Chinese auto market will continue to expand. If we continue to be subject to the core technology and people in the market share, the dream of the Chinese auto industry will become a fantasy.
As for global procurement, it should not be used as an excuse for some domestic companies to use "takenism." Zhong Shi said that it is not advisable to build a car behind closed doors, but the Chinese automobile industry chain is too dependent on foreign capital. Most of the profits of the world's largest market are taken away by foreign capital. Although the multinational companies in Europe, the United States, Japan and South Korea are globally procured, the company and The self-sufficiency rate of the domestic automobile industry chain is very high. Only in this way can we drive a huge domestic industry and promote the prosperity and prosperity of the country.
In fact, although the public will use Aisin, Honda does not reject ZF, but this is a global optimization allocation, and is essentially different from the “unilateral dependence†of domestic enterprises. More often, German passenger and commercial vehicle companies either use their own transmission technology or are relatively keen on their own ZF; Japanese car companies mostly support Aisin (Toyota Holdings) and Gatco (Nissan Holdings); The Hyundai Kia Group of Korea has also pursued independence and built an automatic transmission technology system including DCT, CVT and AT.
Wang Shengtang and Zhong Shijun said that China's auto industry needs more national integrity and long march spirit; it is hoped that domestic automakers will support the development of domestic autotransport industry and learn from the joint development model of automakers in Europe, America and Japan. The strength of strength to make technological breakthroughs, rather than holding a big idea and refuse to cooperate.
Many industry insiders feel that China is hard to catch up with Europe, the United States and Japan in the core technology of fuel vehicles. However, when developing new energy vehicles, we must bear in mind the lack of fuel vehicle technology and the "pain" of market loss. I am really starting from technology research and development.
"If you engage in new energy vehicles, if you repeat the past model, buy a few big foreign ones, make a shell, stick your own brand, and name it 'technical integration', this is no play." Chen Qingtai said.
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