Self-driving vehicles can greatly reduce the number of road traffic accidents. According to WHO statistics, about 125 million people worldwide die from such accidents every year, and the age of the population is mainly between 15 and 29 years old. In addition, there are still 200,000 to 500,000 injured. Most accidents occur in developing countries, and the maturity of self-driving cars in these areas has to go a long way. Let's take a look at the related content with the car electronics editor.
In recent decades, cars have become safer due to the characteristics of seat belts and airbags, but since 2014, the number of road deaths in the United States has risen, apparently because of the distraction caused by smartphones. Mature autopilot is clearly a great savior.
New developments in autonomous driving
However, the recent release of the Autopilot Test Rankings in California has provided evidence that autopilots have become safer. Waymo's vehicles traveled 4 million miles on public roads - the only accident it involved in autonomous driving was caused by people in other vehicles.
Autonomous vehicles have Superhuman perception and can brake in less than a millisecond, while humans take about 1 second. But if you simply ask for "better than people," this option is not far enough - autopilot cars will become more reliable.
Amnon Shashua, chief executive of autopilot manufacturer Mobileye, said that a thousand-fold improvement in human driving force is a realistic goal that driving should pursue. And if this is done, the number of deaths per year in the United States will be reduced from 40,000 to 40. In fact, even with modern security features, about 650,000 Americans have died on the road since 2000, more than the death toll from all wars in the 20th century (about 630,000).
In order to generate lower operating costs per mile, most autonomous vehicles are almost certainly electric, and the benefits to the environment will be significant. Complementing with electric vehicles will bring a lot of upgrades, but even electric vehicles will still cause particulate emissions from tires and road wear.
The transformation of automobiles into electrification will require more electricity. UBS estimates that electricity consumption in Europe will increase by 20%-30% by 2050. For urban residents, the benefits are better air quality and less noise.
The effect of self-driving cars on reducing congestion is not so obvious – after all, in the past century, when people built a more developed transportation network, the roads were more crowded and the mileage was longer. If autopilot is cheap and fast, people will want to use them more. At this time, the shared car has surfaced again – making more efficient use of road space. Computer-controlled cars can be smarter in route planning, increasing road capacity.
To be sure, drivers can save a lot of time once they don't have to drive by themselves. The Boston Consulting Group predicts that, together with the time to find a parking space, Americans can save a total of 30 billion hours a year.
When the car was replaced by a horse-drawn carriage, people thought that this seemingly clean trip was a good substitute for the scene of the old horse dung, but now air pollution is a big problem. Does autopilot have additional "side effects"?
The impact of automobiles on the formats of retail and other industries
The car has changed the retail format, and it has created a number of shops and a large number of parking lots in the suburbs. With the rise of e-commerce, electric vehicles may change this format again. Peter Norton of the University of Virginia said: "The future of Wal-Mart may be a group of teams, once again become a new possibility."
“Or you can use a self-driving car to help arrange groceries or meals. Why are shops, restaurants and other facilities fixed? Chenoe Hart, architect of the University of California at Berkeley, suggests that coffee shops or food stalls can be relocated centrally The warehouse then migrates to the business district in the morning and entertainment districts. Mobile stores that sell items such as shoes, clothing or cosmetics can visit specific communities on a regular basis, especially when they are welcomed by customers."
Automakers are still exploring and experimenting with a model: driving a freight car to a customer's home, and then sending a text message to the customer, who, after obtaining the password, can enter the code and retrieve the item from the car. The low cost of self-driving cars can stimulate the local production of various commodities, especially video. There are already food supply services like UberEats, Deliveroo, Seamless and GrubHub, and China's Didi Travel has also moved from out to the take-out business to achieve business expansion.
In these businesses, you only need to concentrate on producing video in several kitchens, and then you can achieve low-cost, autonomous delivery.
Volkswagen's Johann Jungwirth said that another possibility is that restaurants or retailers may bear the cost of transportation to encourage customers to patronize them more. Fancy restaurants may use autonomous cars to take guests to their homes and then let them enjoy a delicious dinner directly.
Retailers can provide shoppers' rides. The ride network has a large number of customer data that can be used to locate car ads. When a self-driving vehicle arrives at a store or restaurant, it can help you sell advertisements. You can also think about it: go to the office to work with a personal trainer, or let the barber come to the door.
Autopilot may trigger a new social opportunity mode. For example, when assigning rides, the ride network can bring together people with similar interests or common friends. Or they might work with the dating app to match people to potential objects while hitchhiking.
At the same time, autonomous driving will also have a corresponding negative impact, such as infringement of passenger privacy, disadvantages for the elderly and the disabled, social isolation, and reduced tobacco sales.
Self-driving cars quickly get on the road, there are joys and worries
Self-driving cars use the camera, radar, and LIDAR sensors to sense the outside world. This radar-like technique uses invisible light pulses to create high-resolution three-dimensional maps that are pleasing around.
About 100,000 people take Uber every day, and its business has expanded to more than 600 cities in 82 countries.
At present, autonomous vehicles are not ready to operate without manual supervision. But in recent years, they have made rapid progress, and many cities in the United States already have autonomous vehicles on the road. Uber's self-driving vehicles are mainly located in Pittsburgh and Phoenix; Waymo operates automatic minivans in Chandler on the outskirts of Phoenix, and there are no safety engineers in the driver's seat – it plans to launch a commercial ride there this year; GM, the largest automaker, hopes to introduce an automated Chevrolet Bolt in 2019, even without a steering wheel or pedal.
Silicon Valley and Pittsburgh are the two major hubs of emerging US industries, attracting talent from Stanford University and Carnegie Mellon University. At the CES in January this year, autonomous driving can be said to be the limelight.
The latest advances in computer vision and other machine learning systems are one reason. From chip makers to software company technicians, autopilot vehicles are seen as a lucrative new market for their products.
For the time being, in rich countries, the cost of a ride is about $2.50 per mile, while the cost of owning and operating a private car is about $1.20 per mile (see chart), but the driver accounts for about 60% of the ride. .
Investment bank UBS suggests that automation, competition and electrification (making higher car purchase costs but lower operating costs) will reduce the cost of car rides by 70% to about $0.70 per mile.
David Lesne of UBS said: "Once the car becomes autonomous, the relevance of car ownership will drop dramatically."
After 2025, autonomous vehicles will grow rapidly, and by 2035, 80% of them will use them in cities.
The Boston Consulting estimates that by 2030, a quarter of the miles on American roads will be shared self-driving electric cars. The number of cars on city streets is expected to decrease by 60%, emissions by 80%, and road traffic accidents by 90%.
Consulting firm Strategy AnalyTIcs said that worldwide, by 2050, the "passenger economy" brought about by the autonomous driving and car integration will generate $7 trillion in annual value.
Automakers, technology giants, start-ups and passenger car companies are vying for this fiercely competitive market. Automakers understand machine learning, but little is known about complex software. These technology companies know machine learning and computer vision, but don't know about cars. For companies that like to ride a car, their apps are already installed on millions of users' phones, providing a clear way for the market. The result is a series of trades, lots of hedge betting and an ever-changing alliance network (see chart).
In March 2017, the autopilot system manufacturer Mobileye was acquired for $15.3 billion. In March 2016, GM acquired Cruise, an AV startup, for $1 billion, and set up Maven, a car-sharing service, and invested $500 million in Uber's main rival in the US, Lyft. Ford fired its chief executive in May 2017, in part because of concerns that the company lags behind electric and autonomous vehicles; it is now investing $1 billion in an autopilot startup Argo and has formed an alliance with Lyft. Delphi is a large component manufacturer that acquired an AV startup nuTonomy for $450 million and reshaped itself into an AV company called ApTIv. Uber recently agreed to buy 24,000 self-driving cars from Volvo for its robotic fleet; it also works with Daimler. For its part, Daimler has been buying Uber rides in Europe and the Middle East and has car sharing services. Volkswagen, Europe's largest automaker, reached an agreement with Aurora, a former executive of Google, Uber and Tesla.
Technology and automotive manufacturing complement each other and bring about tremendous changes. In the future, more and more people will consider the impact of autonomous vehicles on private mobility, car ownership and car manufacturing, but will also consider broader economic, social and cultural chain effects – such as how daily activities will change – autonomous driving How does a car reshape a city? What is the lesson of a 20th century car for a driverless car in the 21st century?
The above is about the first evaluation report on auto-driving in automotive electronics: the introduction of technology is rapid and mature, but there are also many "side effects". If you want to know more information, please pay attention to the electronic enthusiasts will provide you with more complete More detailed and updated information.
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