At the 28th WWDC Apple Global Developers Conference, Apple finally released the HomePod, a smart speaker that Apple has carefully built. However, it is estimated that this disappoints a lot of fruit powder, which should be rarely mentioned as "very ugly" in the Apple series. In view of the fact that the author did not understand art, I was anxious to ask a lot of aesthetics in the early morning, which did not make the author doubt that his aesthetic had a problem.
HomePod's designers are estimated to be middle-aged people who grew up in the 80s, because when they saw HomePod, they remembered their mother's yarn balls at first glance. Young people in the new century have seen this antique. Of course, there is a more ugly one. Nylon ball is also this shape.
Of course, HomePod is ugly, but its performance is not bad. Apple's ultimate pursuit of user experience is still there, and HomePod is the first smart speaker to return to the essence of the speaker. Apple even deployed microphone arrays and speaker arrays at the same time. This is Apple's attitude: not only the pursuit of far-field voice interaction experience, but also the pursuit of extreme sound quality.
Boots landing, why use 6-ring ring array!HomePod has built-in Apple Siri, this time Apple adopted the industry's popular 6-mai ring array technology. This microphone array technology is suitable for far-field voice interaction, which can satisfy the user's long-distance command interaction with HomePod through "Hey, Siri". Apple HomePod uses microphone array technology, which also shows Apple's technical idea of ​​upgrading Siri from near-field voice interaction to far-field voice interaction.
In the past few years, the most common voice interaction application is the smartphone represented by Siri. This scene is generally a single microphone system. The single microphone system can obtain sound signals that meet the requirements of speech recognition with low noise, no reverberation, and close proximity to the sound source. However, if the sound source is far away from the microphone and there is a large amount of noise, multipath reflection and reverberation in the real environment, the quality of the picked-up signal is degraded, which seriously affects the speech recognition rate.
Moreover, the signal received by a single microphone is superimposed by multiple sound sources and ambient noise, and it is difficult to separate the respective sound sources. This makes it impossible to locate and separate the sound source. This is important because there is still a kind of sound superimposition that is not noise, but it is also suppressed in speech recognition, which is the interference of human voice. It is obvious that speech recognition cannot recognize more than two sounds at the same time. .
Obviously, when the scene of voice interaction transitions to a smart speaker, smart TV, robot or car as the main scene, the limitations of a single microphone are highlighted. In order to solve these limitations of a single microphone, a method of using a microphone array for speech processing comes into being. The microphone array is composed of a set of microphones arranged according to a certain geometric structure (common line shape, ring shape), and the sound signals of different spatial directions are processed in a space-time manner to achieve noise suppression, reverberation removal, vocal interference suppression, and sound source. Direction finding, sound source tracking, array gain and other functions to improve the quality of speech signal processing to improve speech recognition rate in real-world environments.
From the current domestic and international market products, Amazon Echo's solution is 6+1 wheat ring array structure, Amazon Echo Show is 8 wheat oval array structure, Google Home is 2 microphone structure, domestic science and technology flightå®å’šThe speaker is a ring array structure of 7+1 wheat. The current product line of the company is the most complete, with a ring array structure of 3/4/4+1/6 wheat and single wheat, 4 wheat line type, 6 Wheat L-type, 8 wheat double L-type, 10 wheat distributed array and other structures.
In fact, different arrays adapt to different scenarios, and at the same time, cost performance is also considered. Obviously, the more complex the array structure, the higher the cost. For smart speakers, the ring array structure is most suitable because the user's habits require 360-degree pickup and orientation. As for the choice of 3, 4 or 6, it is determined according to the orientation accuracy and the interaction distance. From a certain angle, it can be understood that the more the number of microphones, the more accurate the orientation, the farther the distance of speech recognition will be. Of course, this It also has a relationship with the specific structure of the formation.
Note that the 2 microphones here are not arrays, and do not have some functions and performance of the array. 2 Mai is most commonly used for anti-noise on ultra-thin devices like mobile phones and Bluetooth headsets. In fact, many occasions are specially designed. A single microphone can replace the 2 wheat structure. Since Apple HomePod must be different from Amazon Echo and Google Home, the structure of using 6 microphones is very sensible and the most cost-effective. This is also the microphone array that is supported by the company. In fact, according to the current technology of the company, 4 microphones are selected. The effect will not be too bad, but the distance of the voice interaction will be lost.
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