Why can the ancient town become the Chinese lanterns of today from an agricultural town yesterday? The famous industrial economist Xie Zhongfan once said that the industrial cluster effect has given the wings of the ancient town to take off. From upstream raw material supply to manufacturing, to product circulation, from service bases to media, to market terminals, thousands of companies work closely together to support production and form a complete industrial chain. The development situation of cooperation.
In fact, in the Pearl River Delta, there are more than 120 professional towns developed like industrial clusters in the industrial cluster. In 2002, the economic scale of each professional township was more than 2 billion yuan, and in 2005 it reached more than 6 billion yuan. On this basis, it also formed an industrial cluster across regions and cities. For example, the electronic information equipment manufacturing corridor formed from Shenzhen to Dongguan and Huizhou. In 2002, its economic scale reached 250 billion yuan. Another example is from Zhongshan to Shunde. The lighting industry in the South China Sea and the Dongguan, Shenzhen and Huizhou areas have a market share of nearly 80%.
Experts said that over the past 20 years of reform and opening up, China has ushered in three economic waves. The first is the wave of rural economic development; the second is the wave of urban economic development; the third is the current wave of regional economic development centered on industrial clusters.
The Pearl River Delta has formed a large lighting industry cluster
The status of the Pearl River Delta lighting industry in the domestic and even international markets is self-evident. The typical industrial base belongs to the ancient town of Zhongshan. A southern town town of only 47.8 square kilometers, by the end of the last century, there is no basis for the development of the lighting industry. About 60,000 local farmers only make a living by planting flowers and pond-fishing, and no one thought of the future as a pillar industry for making money. However, the simple combination of a wire and a bent pipe is like the fire of the Suiyuan, which ignited the business idea of ​​the “industrial town†led by the lighting industry in the ancient town, and it was out of control. In 2001, the ancient town has emerged as the embryonic form of industrial clusters, where thousands of businessmen gather, or invest in building factories, or provide supporting services, or build logistics systems, or purchase various types of lamps, the economic development of Guzhen lighting industry is booming. Up to now, Guzhen has more than 4,800 lighting and supporting enterprises, industrial and agricultural output value of nearly 13 billion yuan, lighting accessories have everything, the industry support is very perfect.
What is important is that in the Pearl River Delta, not only the ancient towns have formed regional industrial clusters, but also a number of lighting electrical appliance manufacturing enterprises have been gathered in Dongguan, Huizhou, Shenzhen, Foshan and Guangzhou, and each has its own focus. Dongguan currently has more than 300 lighting companies, 90% of which are Taiwan-funded enterprises with an annual output value of more than 30 billion yuan. Although Dongguan has not yet formed an obvious industrial cluster, it has become the largest export base of lighting products in China, and provides high-quality lighting accessories and electroplating and painting services for the lighting industry in the Pearl River Delta; there are currently about 300 lighting companies in Shenzhen. , mainly export. More importantly, Shenzhen has become an LED distribution base in addition to Nanchang and Dalian. Nearly 70% of LED companies in China have gathered here, which has supplemented and extended the Pearl River Delta lighting industry chain. Although Huizhou has less than 100 lighting companies, It has a number of more influential lighting brands in China, such as NVC, Qianli, TCL, etc. Their development has promoted the lighting enterprises in other parts of the Pearl River Delta to gradually move from commercial operation to brand management. In the transformation, they have injected new vitality into the entire lighting industry; Foshan is one of the most densely-constructed regions in China. Shunde is mainly based on grille lamps, while the South China Sea is mainly based on spotlights. different.
From the perspective of industrial distribution and regional characteristics, it is not so much that these regions are competing with each other, but they are all extensions and enrichments of the lighting industry chain. In fact, the synergy, penetration and integration of many characteristic economic regions in the Pearl River Delta, such as Guzhen, Foshan, Dongguan, Shenzhen and Huizhou, have been built into a large lighting industry cluster in the Pearl River Delta. Not only that, Xiaolan, Nanhai's hardware, Dongfeng's electronics, etc. provide a complete supporting service for this large lighting industry group, making the large lighting industry group more cohesive, competitive, vital, stable and complete.
Why can the Pearl River Delta form a strong industrial cluster?
The lighting industry in all areas of the Pearl River Delta is basically formed naturally. So why is it possible to form such a strong industrial cluster here? Experts believe that this depends mainly on the quality soil and conditions that the Pearl River Delta has to cultivate industrial clusters.
First, the policy is open. Both the state's support policies for the Pearl River Delta region and the local government's support policies for local enterprises are very open and enlightened. The government provides a good investment environment for the local government, provides funds and land support for local entrepreneurs, provides fair and reasonable preferential conditions for foreign entrepreneurs, and accepts guests from all directions in an inclusive manner. For example, in ancient towns, the government originally formulated an support policy to help local farmers start their own businesses: loans of less than 50,000 yuan can be directly approved by the village committee, and loans of more than 50,000 yuan are approved by the town government, encouraging a group of unemployed youths to invest and set up factories. Encourage business owners to go out and sell their lights to all parts of the country. The government leaders also organized a delegation to study abroad, and then transplanted advanced foreign experience to the ancient town, injecting new ideas and new vitality into the lighting industry of Guzhen.
Second, the government has a strategic vision and courage. "Not only to do, but more importantly, what to do!" said a local government official in the Pearl River Delta. At the time of the decision to develop regional industries, government leaders had already operated the local area as a market rather than an ordinary town, including land planning, capital budgeting, industrial support, policy formulation, and talent introduction. Content, planning the future vision of the town from a long-term perspective.
Third, the labor resources are abundant. In the 1980s and 1990s, there was a new wave of livelihood in the south of Guangdong. Merchants and literati from the north and south of the motherland flooded into Guangdong, accumulating funds and wisdom for the economic development of the Pearl River Delta. The influx of thousands of rural youth has provided valuable and abundant labor resources for the industrial economy of the Pearl River Delta. The lighting industry is a labor-intensive enterprise that requires a large number of ordinary workers who are mainly based on manual operations. The abundant labor resources are meeting this most basic requirement. The high-density labor force will greatly reduce the labor cost and production cost. Therefore, the start-up and operation funds of the enterprise are relatively low, which ensures the smooth development of the preliminary work of the enterprise.
Fourth, all kinds of talents are gathered here. Not only is the labor resources rich, but also a variety of high-quality talents can be found in the economic circle with Guangzhou as the axis. Up to the cutting-edge scientific and technological talents, there are talents in technology, marketing, management and design, and there are ordinary grassroots. Talents, everything. After they enter the enterprise, they are both employees of the enterprise and the brain of the enterprise. They serve the enterprise and serve the industry with the attitude of the master.
Fifth, the supporting services are complete. Before the entire Pearl River Delta lighting industry has yet to be scaled up, the supporting services required by the lighting industry are actually quite complete. For example, in the early South China Sea, a group of hardware accessories companies and logistics companies were gathered in the early 1980s. Xiaolan Hardware is also famous. Foshan Lighting is one of the major foam manufacturers. All can be matched in the Pearl River Delta. Therefore, lighting companies in Guzhen, Shunde, Nanhai, Huizhou and other places can fully use the strength of other regions to manufacture finished products, strengthen themselves and expand the industry.
Sixth, the flow of information is huge. The coastal city of the Pearl River Delta is adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao, with developed water and land transportation, and has a very advantageous geographical advantage. Business owners often travel between Hong Kong and Macao and the Mainland. Every time they go out, they can learn a lot of advanced knowledge, collect a lot of valuable information, and then put it into practice to turn information into productivity and economic benefits. Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other cities have become the place of research and development and export of high-tech products, driving technological innovation in other regions. Xie Zhongfan once commented that the ancient town said that the ancient town people used the most simple language to realize the most advanced industrial theory in the world. In ancient towns, is the Pearl River Delta characteristic industrial township such as Xiaolan, Shaxi and Nanhai not?
There are lightings in Guzhen, Shunde has grilles, commercial photos in Nanhai, LEDs go to Shenzhen, Huizhou plays the new ace of “Building Lighting Industry Baseâ€. Zhongshan Henglan also proposed “building the largest outdoor lighting production base in the South two years agoâ€. "This slogan, while the electrical industry has TCL International Electric, Matsumoto Electric, Langen Electric and other high-end electrical brands, on the surface, the Pearl River Delta has a strong competitive advantage in the lighting industry, but in fact, The Pearl River Delta large lighting industry group still lacks an important product group. what is that? The answer is an electric light source (except for LEDs). In addition to the competitive strength and influence of Foshan Lighting in Pubu and T8 fluorescent lamps, there are few large-scale light source manufacturers in the Pearl River Delta, especially those that lack hair tubes and fluorescent lamps.
Since 1958, China has established 577 electric light source enterprises in three stages. In the 1980s, in addition to the obvious increase in output of electric light source products, the variety of products gradually increased, and new energy-saving light sources such as fluorescent lamps were developed. In the early 1990s, China's transition from a planned economy to a market economy, the scale of light source enterprises expanded rapidly. In 1995, the total output of electric light sources in the country reached 4.5 billion. As some enterprises have stopped production, closed down, and went bankrupt, by 2002, there were more than 500 electric light source manufacturers in China. In 2001, the national total output value of electric light source industry (current price) was 16.75 billion yuan, and the sales income was 13.209 billion yuan. In 2002, the total output of electric light source in China was about 7.2 billion; in 2005, the total number of electric light sources in China exceeded 10 billion, and the annual electric light source Product sales revenue was 2,488.5787 billion yuan.
At present, the domestic high-end light source market is mainly monopolized by foreign brands such as Philips, Osram, GE, and Panasonic, but national brands such as TCP and Zhejiang Sunshine have gradually competed with foreign brands through their own efforts. Domestic electric light source enterprises are mainly distributed in Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Fujian. Shanghai can be said to be China's light source technology research and development base and hatchery. It has absolute technological advantages, economic advantages, window advantages and talent advantages. With the focus of Fudan University's Electric Light Source Research Institute, it has continuously made new breakthroughs in the field of electric light sources. US TCP, Shanghai Luyuan, Dongsheng Electronics, etc. all have considerable manufacturing scale, while Shanghai Hongyuan and Zhejiang Yuanguangde have made great breakthroughs in the field of electrodeless lamps.
The Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions also have large technological advantages. The electric light source enterprises started earlier and the industrial scale has taken shape. Therefore, there are a number of well-known enterprises in the region, such as Zhejiang Sunshine, Huadong Electronics, Hangzhou Feihua, and Zhejiang Chenhui. Gaohong Town in Lin'an, Zhejiang Province is a Chinese capillary production base. The town currently has more than 100 hair tube enterprises, with an annual output value of nearly 2 billion yuan, forming a regional industrial cluster with capillary tubes as the pillar industry. The town's capillary tubes are mainly supplied to Xiamen light source enterprises and well-known domestic lighting companies. Some of them are supplied to the Pearl River Delta lighting enterprises, and the town also manufactures OEMs for foreign companies. Zhejiang Jinyun, Ninghai, Ningbo and other places are also the supply of capillary tubes in China's lighting industry. Zhejiang Shuangshi, Zhejiang Sanyou, Changhong Light Source, Shanpu Light Source, Daxie Optoelectronics and other enterprises are in the leading position among their peers. According to statistics from relevant departments, at least 70% of China's light sources are from Zhejiang, and Zhejiang's energy-saving lamps account for more than one-third of the country's total.
Fujian Province, known as the light source island, has more than 100 light source manufacturing companies, mainly manufacturing high-end light source products, and mainly export-oriented, with an annual output value of several billion yuan. Foreign electric light source giants basically have cooperative enterprises in the local area. . Famous electric light source companies include Tongshida, Lisheng and Donglin Electronics. In addition, the output of light source in Jiangxi Guiya, Shaanxi Baoji, Henan Ancai and other enterprises also enjoys a certain position in the industry.
In contrast, although the Pearl River Delta has seen a large increase in the manufacturing capacity and scale of light sources in recent years, there are not many influential enterprises that completely produce their own light sources, and they are inferior to the Yangtze River Delta region in light source products. As far as capillary tubes are concerned, according to statistics, 80% of the hair tubes of the lighting companies in the Pearl River Delta are from Zhejiang, and the development of enterprises is also subject to the capillary supplier to some extent. For example, the shortage of capillary tubes that appeared in early 2004 has caused many lighting companies to slow down production speed and take cash to buy capillary tubes. Once the supply of capillary tubes is blocked, it is equivalent to holding the neck of the lighting company, which restricts the development of the enterprise.
Moreover, the Pearl River Delta has a vast territory and a wide distribution of enterprises. There is no effective integration and concentration of existing light source companies. In addition, the cost of purchasing light source accessories from a foreign company is relatively high. If it is produced by itself, it will increase the production cost accordingly, which leads to an increase in the overall cost of the enterprise. Therefore, how to effectively integrate the resources of light source enterprises has become the most worthy topic for the development of the large lighting industry cluster in the Pearl River Delta. The integration of the light source industry is conducive to the development of the industry.
In fact, the Pearl River Delta is fully capable, and it is necessary to make up for the defects of the large lighting industry cluster in the Pearl River Delta, thus forming a more close lighting industry consortium.
First of all, there is a strong domestic demand. Manufacturers such as energy-saving lamps, fluorescent lamps, and ceiling lamps need a large number of light source accessories, while grid lamps, tube lamps, and other enterprises need a large number of light source products to match them. This circulation makes the Pearl River Delta large lighting industry cluster exist. Large domestic demand market. The centralized and industrialization of light source accessories and finished products is conducive to the development of the large lighting industry cluster in the Pearl River Delta.
Second, there are perfect packages. At present, the five generations of light source products: incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, metal halide lamps, energy-saving lamps, and accessories for LED lamps can find corresponding production enterprises in the Pearl River Delta region, coupled with the rich cultivation experience of industrial clusters, integrated and relatively Easier.
In terms of integration, the concentration and integration of the light source industry will contribute to the development of the lighting industry. For the lighting industry in the Pearl River Delta and the Yangtze River Delta, the integration of light sources is conducive to the coordination, complementarity, penetration and grafting between enterprises and enterprises, between regions and regions. For China's entire lighting industry, it is conducive to effective regulation and management of the mixed lighting market, and is more conducive to promoting the overall development of China's light source industry, thus creating an overall brand of Chinese light source that can compete with the world's light source giants.
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