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introduction
Due to the particularity of its structure, laptops determine the complexity of their maintenance. But the laptop is a kind of computer after all, its maintenance principle is basically the same as ordinary desktop. If you are a laptop user and are interested in its maintenance knowledge, then you can refer to this article. Here are some analysis and troubleshooting procedures for troubleshooting laptops, which may give you some help. 
Step / method
　　 1. The system is not powered (the power indicator is off)
a Check that the external adapter is properly connected to the notebook and that the external adapter is working properly.
b If only the battery is used as the power source, check if the battery model is the original battery; if the battery is fully charged; if the battery is installed correctly.
c Check if the DC board is normal;
d Check and repair the motherboard
　　 2. The power indicator is on but the system is not running, and the LCD is not displayed.
a Press and hold the power switch for four seconds to turn off the power, then restart to check if it is normal.
b Whether the external CRT monitor is displayed normally.
c Check if the memory is securely plugged in.
d Clear CMOS information.
e Try replacing the memory, CPU, and charging pad.
f Repair the motherboard
　　 3. The displayed image is not clear
a Check if the brightness is normal after adjusting the display brightness.
b Check that the driver installation is correct; the resolution is appropriate for the current LCD size and model.
c Check that the LCD cable is properly connected to the motherboard; check that the LCD cable is properly connected to the LCD.
d Check that the backlight control board is working properly.
e Check the North Bridge chip on the motherboard for cold soldering and solder joints.
f Try replacing the motherboard.
　　 4. No display
a Check whether the system is in the sleep state by the status indicator. If it is in the sleep state, press the power on key to wake up.
b Check that the external monitor is connected properly.
c Check if power is added.
d Check that the connections on both ends of the LCD cable are normal.
e Replace the backlight control board or LCD.
f Replace the motherboard.
　　 5. The battery level is not recognized correctly in the operating system.
a Verify that the power management features are up and operating in the operating system.
b Charge the battery for three hours before using it.
c Charge and discharge the battery twice using the battery program installed in the operating system.
d Replace the battery.
　　 6. The touchpad does not work
a Check if there is an external mouse access and check if it is normal with the MOUSE test program.
b Check that the touchpad cable is connected properly.
c Replace the trackpad
d Check the keyboard control chip for cold soldering and soldering
e Replace the motherboard
　　 7. Serial device does not work
a Check if the serial port is set to “ENABLED†in the BIOS setup.
b Check if it is normal with the SIO test program.
c Check that the serial device is connected correctly.
d If it is a serial mouse, check whether the built-in touchpad is turned off in the BIOS setup; check if the serial mouse is recognized in the system device manager; check if the serial mouse driver is installed correctly.
e Replace the serial device.
f Check the south bridge chip on the motherboard for cold soldering and solder joints.
g Replace the main board.
　　 8. Parallel device does not work
a Check if the parallel port is set to “ENABLED†in the BIOS setup.
b Check if it is normal with the PIO test program.
c Check that all connections are correct.
d Check if the external device is turned on.
e Check that the printer mode setting is correct.
f Check the south bridge chip on the motherboard for cold soldering and solder joints.
g Replace the main board.
2.54mm (0.1") Pitch Female Headers
Overview
The most commonly seen female headers are 2.54mm (0.1") single or double row female/socket headers. These female headers together with its male counterpart are used in connecting Arduino boards and shields together. 2.54mm pitch female sockets/headers are low-profile connectors designed for signal and low power PC board connections when space is at a premium. They have the perfect height for clearing the USB-B connector and great for stacking multiple shields.
Since 2.54mm pitch female header is commonly used in a lot of applications, Scondar offers numerous options for this type of female header. Orientation can either be SMT or THM, single, dual or triple row. Antenk offers 2.54mm pitch female headers in either vertical or right-angle orientation. The pins and blades are also available in various sizes, counts, amperages, and plating.
The 2.54mm can accommodate a maximum current of 3A, with a 30 to 22 AWG wire size, and up to 40-positions. Antenk offers these female headers in high quality and affordable China-quoted price that snuggly fits with the pins of a Male Header and acts as a receptacle.
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Applications of 2.54mm Pitch Female Headers
Electronics:
LED applications
Arduino boards
Arduino Pro
Arduino Mega
Solar applications
Weighing systems
Appliances:
Air conditioner
Refrigerator
Microwave oven
Washing machine
Water heater
Shower toilet
Washer/Dryer
Stove
Automotive, Heavy Duty Military and Marine
For densely packed equipment requiring weight reduction and downsizing and for tough and harsh conditions.
Vehicle infotainment
Computer peripherals
Battery Connections
Battery connections rely on the ability of the current to pass reliable and solid current. This prevents overheating in the circuit and voltage drop.
Rechargeable battery packs
Battery balancers
Battery eliminator circuits
Medical Diagnostic and Monitoring equipment
Heart monitors
Telecoms
Datacoms
Mount Type: Through-hole vs Surface Mount
At one side of this female header is a series of pins which can either be mounted and soldered directly onto the surface of the PCB (SMT) or placed into drilled holes on the PCB (THM).
Through-Hole (Poke-In)
Best used for high-reliability products that require stronger connections between layers.Aerospace and military products are most likely to require this type of mounting as these products experience extreme accelerations, collisions, or high temperatures.
Useful in test and prototyping applications that sometimes require manual adjustments and replacements.
2.54mm, 1-row vertical female header, 2.54mm, 2-row vertical female header, 2.54mm, 3-row vertical female header, 2.54mm, 1-row right-angle female header and 2.54mm, 2-row right-angle female header, 2.54mm U-
Shaped Female header, 2.54mm U-Shaped Dual Row Female header are examples of Antenk products with through-hole mount type.
Surface-Mount
The most common electronic hardware requirements are SMT.
Essential in PCB design and manufacturing, having improved the quality and performance of PCBs overall.
Cost of processing and handling is reduced.
SMT components can be mounted on both side of the board.
Ability to fit a high number of small components on a PCB has allowed for much denser, higher performing, and smaller PCBs.
2.54mm, 2-row right-angle female header and 2.54mm, 1-row right-angle female header are Antenk`s featured SMT female headers.
Orientation/Pin-Type: Vertical (Straight), Right-Angle and U-Shaped
2.54mm pitch female headers may be further classified into pin orientation as well, such as vertical or straight female header, right-angle female header or U-shaped female header.
Vertical or Straight Female Header Orientation
One side of the series of pins is connected to PCB board in which the pins can be at a right-angle to the PCB surface (usually called "straight" or [vertical") or..
Right-Angle Female Header Orientation
Parallel to the board's surface (referred to as "right-angle" pins).
U-Shaped Female Header Orientation
U-shaped orientation is characterized by the shape of the pins at one side of the header, forming a letter [U". It is often chosen for applications where repeat mating cycles are not required as it can also be used and soldered directly to both PCB's.
Each of these pin-types have different applications that fit with their specific configuration.
Single, Dual or Multiple Number of Rows
For a 2.54mm straight or vertical female header, the standard number of rows that Antenk offers ranges from 1 to 2 rows. However, customization can be available if 3, 4 or n number of rows is needed by the customer. Also, the number of contacts for the single row is about 2-40 pins while for dual row, the number contacts may vary from 2-80 pins.
Pin Material
The pins of the connector attached to the board have been designed with copper alloy. With customer`s demand the pins can be made gold plated.
Custom 2.54mm Pitch Female Headers
Customizable 2.54 mm pitch female headers are also available, making your manufacturing process way faster as the pins are already inserted in the headers, insulator height is made at the right size and the accurate pin length you require is followed.
Parts are made using semi-automated manufacturing processes that ensure both precision and delicacy in handling the headers before packaging on tape and reel.
Tape and Reel Packaging for SMT Components
Antenk's SMT headers are offered with customizable mating pin lengths, in which each series has multiple number of of circuits, summing up to a thousand individual part number combinations per connector series.
The tape and reel carrier strip ensures that the headers are packaged within accurately sized cavities for its height, width and depth, securing the headers from the environment and maintaining consistent position during transportation.
Antenk also offer a range of custom Tape and reel carrier strip packaging cavities.
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ShenZhen Antenk Electronics Co,Ltd , https://www.antenk.com