With the increasing energy of global energy, solar photovoltaic lighting has developed rapidly. There are many links involved in the design of solar lighting, and any problem in any one of them will cause product defects. In order to improve the utilization rate of lighting system power generation and overcome the shortcomings caused by system power shortage, in the development of solar energy lighting system, people constantly analyze the common control modes of lighting system and design various practical working modes. The light source technology is also constantly being updated, and the charging mode of the battery is also increasingly utilized in continuous research and exploration. In the development and coordination of various components of solar energy, solar lighting systems are constantly evolving.
First, the principle and composition of solar lights
The solar lighting system is a DC-type independent photovoltaic system, and its working principle is shown in Figure 1. Solar modules convert solar energy into electrical energy, which is controlled and protected by a controller that converts electrical energy into chemical energy that is stored in the battery. When electricity is used, the battery converts chemical energy into electrical energy for use by a DC load, or inverters for AC power for AC loads. This device stops working only when there is no light for a long time and the power in the battery is used up.
The solar corridor lights include a solar cell installed on the roof of the building and lights installed on each floor, as well as a unified storage battery, charge and discharge controller. The battery and the lighting of each floor are connected by wires. The load is made of LED lamps and works with the sound and light control switch. During the day, the solar cell module generates electric energy under the irradiation of a certain intensity of sunlight, and is stored in the battery through the solar charge and discharge controller; at night, the battery supplies power to the load through the charge and discharge controller. Usually, the solar system is designed to increase the capacity of the battery according to the actual situation, and the team guarantees the illumination of the rainy days.
The solar street light consists of the following components: solar panels, solar controllers, battery packs, light sources, light poles and lamp housings, and some have inverters.
1, solar panels
Solar panels are the core of solar streetlights and the most valuable part of solar streetlights. Its role is to convert the solar radiation capacity into electrical energy, or send it to the battery for storage. Solar cells mainly use single crystal silicon as a material. A single-crystal silicon is used to make a PN junction similar to that in a diode. The principle of operation is similar to that of a diode. Only in the diode, it is the external electric field that pushes the hole and electron movement of the PN junction, and the solar photon and the radiant heat of the PN junction are promoted and affected in the solar cell. This is also known as the principle of photovoltaic effect. At present, the efficiency of photoelectric conversion is about 13%-15% for monocrystalline silicon and 11%-13% for polycrystalline silicon. The latest technology also includes photovoltaic thin film batteries.
2, solar controller
The most important part of the solar luminaire system is the controller, whose performance directly affects the life of the system, especially the battery life. The controller uses the industrial grade MCU as the main controller to control the opening and closing of the MOSFET device by measuring the ambient temperature, controlling the voltage and current parameters of the battery and the solar cell module, and achieving various control and protection functions. Huangming intelligent solar lighting controller can provide comprehensive protection for the battery, making the battery work more reliably and for a long time.