Wireless communication technology is the transmission basis of the Internet of Things. With the development of smart city applications becoming popular, various technologies are emerging and they have seized the Internet of Things market. Among the LPWAN technologies, the most popular ones are LoRa, Sigfox and NB-IoT. In the IoT trend, what are the advantages of each of these three technologies? Who is the best partner in your field of expertise?
The words of the Internet of Things, big data, and AI artificial intelligence, the relevant industry personnel must be familiar with the heart. In the technical framework of the Internet of Things, “sensing†is the most basic core source. In the fields of agriculture, industry, construction, transportation, medical care, etc., the sensed data should be analyzed through AI to form related applications. First, you must deploy the appropriate transmission technology and domain to collect and report huge amounts of environmental data.
In wireless communication technology, WI-FI, bluetooth, ZigBee, and Z-Wave, which have been launched earlier, have laid the foundation for development in different fields. WI-FI is suitable for large data transmission, such as audio and video transmission or AR/VR. It is also the basis of general wireless network. The disadvantage is that it consumes a lot of power. Bluetooth is mostly used in personal wearable devices. Mature; ZigBee and Z-Wave are fruitful in automatic control applications such as industrial and construction.
Long distance + power saving features, LPWAN solves the problem of IoT transmission
When it comes to wireless networks, what everyone thinks, besides WI-FI, is probably the mobile communication network of mobile phones. Today's communication technology is about to enter 5G, which is about higher bandwidth, higher speed, lower latency, and of course more power consumption. Because it is a communication between people, data transmission is more intensive and the amount of exchange is more. huge. For M2M communication, since the deployment scope of the device is generally wider, and the wireless device must avoid frequent battery replacement, LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology takes advantage of the situation, its small data volume, long-distance transmission and The power-saving features make a big splash in the field of Internet of Things applications.
Earlier wireless transmission technologies, such as WI-FI, ZigBee, and Z-Wave, had a communication transmission distance of only 100 meters. In the smart home field, antennas or relay stations with enhanced signals must be added. If you want to meet the relevant applications of smart cities, such as environmental monitoring or asset tracking, LPWAN technology with a transmission distance of up to 20 kilometers can obviously reduce the construction cost, as long as several stations can cover a large area; battery as power The source omits the wiring problem and makes the sensor installation procedure easier. At present, the most popular LPWAN technologies are LoRa, Sigfox and NB-IoT. These three technologies have their own advantages. Owners can choose the most suitable communication technology according to different fields and usage requirements.
Low energy consumption, high range transmission: LoRa and Sigfox competition
Just like the technical features of LPWAN, LoRa and Sigfox have the characteristics of long distance and low power consumption, which can extend battery life and form a wide range of message transmission. Both use the unlicensed Sub-1GHz ISM band, no additional licensing fees, and due to breakthroughs in electronic chip manufacturing technology, the hardware manufacturing costs of the two technologies continue to decrease, such as Sigfox, which was launched in Taiwan last year. The monthly fee is as low as 0.4 yuan.
LoRaWAN is a network standard promoted by various industry alliances. It provides open technologies and can develop individual applications as long as key content is achieved. Different from the openness of LoRa, Sigfox is a technology developed by the French company of the same name. It masters the operation and deployment of the core network. It intends to deploy the network base in the global role as an independent operator. It is now available in 36 countries. Use zones and devices to connect with the region. In terms of type, LoRa is like a small private domain with a transmission distance of up to 20 kilometers. As long as you master the technology, you can set up your own base station with higher degree of freedom.
Sigfox is a global blueprint for expanding its network base. It provides users with existing network deployment and cloud services. It requires an additional monthly fee. Compared with LoRa, the cost is higher, but the platform solution is complete. No additional network construction is required. Sigfox has a transmission range of up to 50 kilometers, which is the widest of the three technologies. However, in order to achieve low power consumption, LoRa and Sigfox have limited daily transmission times. The transmission time of the day is very short. In areas where there is no need for real-time communication, such as daily fixed-return data sensors, specific environmental data such as temperature and humidity, PM2.5, etc. can be measured, and large-area IoT applications can be formed by long-distance, low-order transmission patterns. .
Telecom industry strong push: NB-IoT
Another hot technology discussed in the IoT industry chain is NB-IoT. The biggest difference between the two technologies mentioned above is that it is a technology developed by the 3GPP organization, using the licensed GSM and LTE bands, that is, NB-IoT must purchase the frequency band license through the telecom industry. Users can only obtain the licensed technology and frequency band through the carrier or third-party agents to use the NB-IoT related services. The advantage of NB-IoT is that it is a technology introduced by existing telecom operators. It does not need to re-establish the network. As long as the software is updated, the existing 4G telecom base station and related equipment can be used. On the other hand, the use of carrier-grade networks has a high degree of security in terms of communication quality and message security. Taiwan's FarEasTone Telecom has launched the pre-emptive experience of NB-IoT, and it is expected to complete the upgrade of the entire base at the end of May. As long as the remote telecom can receive the signal, the NB-IoT can be used. It is 2 to 12 yuan.
"Put the right technology in the right place" - wireless communication technology application
The three popular LPWAN technologies have different characteristics, and the industry predicts that one of the technologies will be the best in the future. However, as Olivier Hersent, one of LoRa's founders, once said, coexisting relationships with each other are more likely to lead future technologies to new developments. In fact, there are hundreds of applications in the field of Internet of Things. The characteristics of these three technologies also correspond to the special needs of different fields. For example, NB-IoT, user license band and LTE technology, the network does not limit the number of times of transmitting messages, and the amount of data that can be carried is also higher. Therefore, it is suitable for smart industrial fields that emphasize network transmission stability and real-time performance, or An Internet of Things device that transmits high data such as sounds and image files. In contrast, NB-IoT consumes more power than the other two technologies, resulting in a large loss of battery life. At the same time, the cooperation mode with telecom operators will be faster and easier when it is promoted to users. From another perspective, it is also limited by hardware cost (chip) and monthly rental cost.
Compared with NB-IoT, LoRa and Sigfox are more suitable for small data volume and large-scale transmission applications due to low hardware cost and low power consumption. The current scale of development of LoRa technology has matured, and it has cooperated with Asia Pacific Telecom and Hon Hai Fu Hong Network, and has actual operational results in Taiwan. Although the transmission distance is not better than Sigfox, the transmission bandwidth is high, the construction cost and technical difficulty are not high, and it is suitable to construct a closed domain in the high-tech factory area and transmit various types of sensing data.
In terms of global deployment, Yu Kaiqun, manager of information and communication technology at Lein, Germany, said that Sigfox is a very developmental technology. Because Sigfox provides global domain services, it is more convenient for multinational companies. In particular, the integrated network solution provides a complete and stable cloud service for high-yield companies, eliminating many development and collaboration problems. Sigfox has the longest transmission distance, but it has the fewest transmissions in a day, so it is suitable for scenarios where data changes or data transmission during fixed periods, such as pipeline monitoring, smart meters, regional climate monitoring and alarms. Sigfox is currently working with O-bike in Taiwan to manage location tracking services, as well as ZTE's device status detection and smart medical remote care applications. Because it is a multinational application, Sigfox also cooperates with the American Express Company to install sensors on the package. In addition to knowing where the package is shipped, it can also detect the time of disassembly and transmit specific data back to the United States.
Future vision of the Internet of Things: information security and technology verification are indispensable
Emerging technologies bring more convenient and beautiful future visions, but also bring about security concerns. When various kinds of information circulate on the network, once network security problems occur, personal privacy may be leaked and even personal safety may be affected. In Europe, where privacy is a priority, General Data Protec (TIR Regon TIon, GDPR) has been adopted, which strictly regulates the restrictions and management of personal data collection by online companies. Although the issue of security has not yet raised full attention in Taiwan, with the expansion of IoT devices and fields, the average user will also be exposed to related issues more frequently. Network security will definitely become a service for product/software suppliers. One of the programs.
He Shaopeng, senior manager of Lein, Germany, also reminded that all wireless communication technologies must pass the national norm and alliance certification standards. First of all, we must first control the frequency and power of wireless communication through national regulations, so that products have qualified communication standards, and will not affect other electronic instruments or human health by strengthening communication. In addition, it must pass the standards of various technology alliances, including electromagnetic wave types, communication protocols and interconnectivity tests to ensure that products using the same type of communication technology can communicate with each other. Like the current smart home gateways on the market, most of them will accommodate 1 to 3 communication technologies (such as WI-FI, Bluetooth, ZigBee, etc.), and the interconnectivity and anti-interference of products are even more important. Perhaps in the near future, different wireless network communication technologies such as LoRa or NB-IoT will be integrated in a single IoT module, such as in a remote factory, using LoRa to form data transmission between devices in the local area network, and then transmitting data. To the external LTE network, integrate data from multiple sites for overall analysis.
In the fields of transportation, industry, agriculture, construction, medical care, finance, etc., the Internet of Things will focus on emerging applications under data. Device networking is only the foundation. Only by using software services and mastering application opportunities can specific implementations be realized. The true wisdom of networking.
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