(Original title: Work has been replaced by automation? Not entirely a bad thing)
Netease Technology News April 7 news, according VentureBeat reported that people worry about automation will replace more jobs are growing. Ball State University research shows that since 2000, about 5 million jobs in U.S. factories have evaporated, and 88% of them are due to the increase in productivity due to automation. So, what can we do to cope with this trend?
When real estate tycoon Jeff Greene recently hosted the second Managing the Disruption conference in Palm Beach, Florida, he talked about the subject of automation being subverted and how we should respond. In 2016, Green once claimed that robotics and artificial intelligence not only killed blue-collar workers but also affected many white-collar workers, including lawyers, reporters, pilots, and doctors.
Green also published an article in the Washington Post, warning that automation would kill workers faster than even Trump’s Finance Minister Steven Mnuchin predicted. Not long ago, Nuchin said that he believes that work related to automation will be largely replaced from 50 to 100 years. The recently published report of the famous firm PricewaterhouseCoopers estimates that by 2030, 38% of jobs in the United States are likely to be replaced by automation.
However, Green's point of view is that if automation can improve the deployment and reduce the cost of living in the middle class, so that they no longer need more income to survive, then automation is actually not entirely a bad thing. For example, building a home using a 3D printer can substantially reduce the cost of housing, and people do not have to spend most of their income on home mortgage payments. If the machine can use a high-density resin 3D printing house, the current value of 200,000 US dollars of housing may be reduced to 50,000 US dollars. After all, for most families, buying a home is a heavy burden.
Another major part of household budget is energy, which can solve some problems by using alternative energy. If the United States uses solar energy to power electric cars and heat homes, each family can save a lot of money. This, of course, assumes that alternative energy costs are lower than oil.
In Green’s view, the net effect is that people do not have to work 80 to 90 hours a week to pay their bills. If they can sustain their lives with less income, and the demand for dual-worker families decreases, then the father or mother can be allowed to stay with the children at home. This, in turn, can reduce the child's risk of drug use or pregnancy.
Green acknowledged that his idea may be a bit "utopian," and he also saw the danger of the introduction of automation to workers in all walks of life. Many people worry that automation will also create a "universal basic income" system. In this hypothetical scenario, all people who are too young because they have no social insurance can receive a government-issued annual salary. In Silicon Valley and other technology centers, this is a very fashionable idea and it is considered one of the ways to deal with automation to replace work.
However, there is a small problem here: "universal basic income" may not be affordable by the government. As Lawrence Summers, the former U.S. Treasurer, pointed out, if each adult American is paid $25,000 a year, this expenditure needs $5 trillion a year, which is more than the U.S. annual income tax revenue. Trillion dollars. Summers said: "From a mathematical point of view, this is almost impossible to achieve."
Others want to see smaller, more specific strategic actions, such as improving student science and technology education, providing retraining for current employees. Not so long ago, GE donated US$50 million to Boston Public Schools to help improve science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education to cultivate talented people who can bridge the technological gap. This may be the right direction, but greater retraining is needed to make up for the nationwide technological divide. But for the Republican-controlled Congress, the desire to increase education funding does not appear to be strong.
Others believe that technologies like Augmented Reality should be able to help by superimposing information into the real world by connecting eyeglasses. For example, field service technicians can project charts, instructions, and even videos into smart glasses so that they can work faster and better without having to consult various manuals. Technology company Upskill has begun offering similar technologies to customers such as General Electric and Boeing. Upskill Executive Chairman Magid Abraham said: "This technology can enhance the technical capabilities of non-professional workers while helping expert workers improve efficiency."
Let's return to Managing at Disruption. Green is concerned about the optimism of most of the speakers including former British Prime Minister David Cameron and New York Times columnist Thomas Frey. Thomas Friedman. He said: "If I am really optimistic about the future of automation, I will not spend a lot of energy and time to organize such meetings."
Green said that the difference between the industrial revolution of the 19th century and the current situation is that at that time, the machine only replaced physical labor, and at the same time, it also created more retail, thin book, beautiful collections, accounting and other product manufacturing related work. But now we need not only to deal with robots that can replace manual labor, but also to respond to artificial intelligence that jeopardizes mental work. Green said: "We can't fight physical machines and thinking machines at the same time." (Small)
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