From 2G, 3G to 4G applications, mobile communication has profoundly changed people's lives, but the pursuit of higher performance mobile communication technology has never stopped, in order to cope with future explosive data traffic growth, massive device connections and constant The emergence of new types of new services, the fifth generation of mobile communications (5G) systems will emerge. 5G will shift from “technology-centric†to “user-centeredâ€. The application scenario will span the mobile Internet and the Internet of Things, achieving the goal of connecting people and everything intelligently, and achieving “information, everything, and everythingâ€. Vision.
As 4G enters the commercial stage of scale, the fifth-generation mobile communication (5G) for 2020 and the future has become a hot spot in the industry. ZTE is based on the experience of 5G discussions and research conducted by many important operators around the world. It is not a single wireless access technology, nor a few new wireless access technologies, but a general term for a variety of new wireless access technologies and existing wireless access technologies (4G backward evolution technology). To some extent, 5G is a true fusion network. Compared with 2G, 3G and 4G technologies, the 5G concept is a comprehensive holistic scope. It is mainly “the existing wireless technology evolution and development of complementary new technologiesâ€, with the goal of building a long-term network society. From the current point of view, 3G, 4G, WiFi and other wireless access technologies are important technical components of 5G.
5G challenges to bearers
The mobile backhaul network has been upgraded with the continuous transformation of the mobile system, from the initial SDH rigid pipeline, to the all-IP bearer, and to the elastic network in the SDN direction. At the same time, after the further development of the mobile Internet and the Internet of Things, the application of new services will put forward higher requirements for 5G technical indicators.
1. Large bandwidth: The demand for network bandwidth increases exponentially, and the bandwidth of a single base station will reach the order of Gbit/s.
2, low latency: the application of the Internet of Things puts higher requirements on the delay, S1 interface delay "2ms, X2 interface delay "1ms, and 4G S1 delay requirements "10ms, X2 delay request" 20ms.
3. Ultra-high-precision time synchronization: MIMO and base station joint transmission technology will be adopted, and ultra-high-precision synchronization technology is required.
4, SDN / NFV control architecture: to achieve the opening of network capabilities, to provide a new operating model and profitable space.
5, "network slicing": functional tailoring and resource segmentation for specific scenario needs, and carry out their respective business applications, service control, to achieve on-demand adaptation of the network architecture for business scenarios, thus meeting 5G diversity Differentiated needs of the scenario.
6. Network bearer forward: For the demand of the preamble network, the bandwidth of the single-sector CPRI interface from 4G to 5G is increased by 160 times (the spectrum bandwidth is increased by 10 times, the number of antennas is increased by 16 times) to 1.6T; and the delay of 5G is It will be reduced to below 100us, and it is almost impossible to build a precast network with CPRI interface. In this case, the bearer solution will face great challenges.
User experience first, enhance product value
Faced with this tempting and adventurous road, ZTE is committed to the independent research and development process, and strives to provide a surf-like network experience for 5G users. The evolution of the 5G bearer network will also keep pace with the times.
The number and capacity of device ports are greatly increased
In order to reduce the delay of the X2 interface, the access layer network changes from the ring network to the MESH network, which requires more fiber resources, and the access layer device needs to support more line ports and larger capacity. ZTE currently supports up to 32 10Gs in the ZXCTN 6000 series product plan, supporting up to 8 40GE and 2 100GE interfaces.
In order to adapt to the large-capacity needs of the core and aggregation layers, the device needs to support the line 400G interface. Considering the power consumption and delay, the packet and optical convergence technology will become the key. The device will support the L0-L3 layer function and pass the SDN. Unified control to calculate the optimal delay forwarding path. ZXCTN 9000-E series and ZXONE 9700 series, which are currently developed by ZTE, will be of great use. Future networks need to achieve L0 to L3 service level integration.
Delay-driven routing algorithm technology will be widely used
The 5G bearer network has a large access capacity and the network topology is mesh-like. The online measurement of delay and the route calculation based on delay are the basic requirements of 5G bearer. ZTE's first manufacturer to implement delay-driven routing algorithms on SDN. Delay-driven routing can calculate the end-to-end routing with minimum delay by measuring the delay value of each pair of optical fibers on-line, and can pass the tunnel OAM. The delay of the route is measured online. If the delay value does not meet the delay requirement of X2, the operator will be prompted to alarm and adjust the route of the optical cable to meet the networking requirements.
At the same time, ZTE has made great achievements in synchronous technology, and has taken the lead in achieving high-precision 1588v2 time synchronization technology. Through long-term cooperation with China Mobile, it has broken through the commercial bottleneck of clocks, proposed 1588v2 OAM technology solution, researched hardware online monitoring equipment, and solved optical fiber non- Symmetrical issues, these results provide a solid foundation for the research of 5G ultra-high precision synchronization technology.
SDN/NFV fully introduced
In the 5G era, operators need a network architecture with unified operation, unified deployment, and unified operation. The RAN control domain, the bearer network control domain, and the core network control domain cooperate in three domains to realize full service control from the cloud, management, and end. Operation. Through the deployment of SDN/NFV technology, optimize the data transmission path, control the service data close to the forwarding cloud and access the cloud edge, effectively reduce the network transmission delay; and build the service-oriented network capability open interface to meet the differentiated needs of the service and improve The efficiency of the deployment of the service; the network orchestration and management system for the specific scenario needs to segment the network, implement a network architecture that adapts to the service scenario on demand; introduce SDN technology, and build a service-oriented network capability open platform.
to sum up
The 5G era is an era in which all things are connected, and the Internet is everywhere and everywhere. 5G network requirements and network architecture will also change greatly with respect to 4G. Bandwidth, delay, time synchronization and other functions and indicators will bring huge challenges to the transport network. Dr. Zhao Fuchuan, the chief engineer of ZTE's bearer network products, said that in the face of the 5G challenge, we are ready to deploy in advance in terms of ultra-large capacity (400G/1T platform), high-precision clock and SDN/NFV. Continued to deepen the mobile backhaul network equipment and continue to maintain its leading position in the 5G Backhaul era.
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