New energy vehicles include hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), pure electric vehicles (BEV, including solar vehicles), fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV), hydrogen engine vehicles, other new energy sources (such as high-efficiency energy storage, dimethyl ether), etc. Products of various categories.
classification
(1) Hybrid bus – accounting for more than 90% of China's new energy bus market, is the undisputed leading model. For the passenger car industry in China, the hybrid power is mainly diesel-electric hybrid. The advantage is that it can reduce fuel consumption by more than 30%. The emission standard can reach the national IV level. The disadvantage is that the battery capacity and life problem have not been completely solved. The hybrid bus It belongs to the development period product and allows mass production, but can only be sold and used under the approved area, scope, time limit and conditions, and at least 20% of the sales products are monitored in real time, resulting in the bicycle price not coming down.
(2) Pure electric passenger car - the battery is used as the power source. Replace the fuel machine with a motor, with low noise and no pollution, using a single electric energy source. Moreover, the battery of a pure electric vehicle can be charged at night by the cheap "valley" of the power grid, which can stabilize the peak-to-valley difference of the power grid. China's pure electric vehicles are mainly used in airports, communities, stadiums and other places. Pure electric buses, as start-up products, can only be produced in small batches, demonstration runs under approved areas, ranges, deadlines and conditions, and real-time monitoring of all products.
(3) Fuel cell buses - mainly hydrogen fuel cell buses - are considered to be the most promising products, can truly solve the energy shortage problem, and truly achieve zero emissions. But it is also a start-up product.
(4) CNG passenger car - CNG (compressed natural gas) as a gaseous fuel, more uniform mixing with air, more complete combustion, less harmful substances such as CO, HC, etc.; no natural carbon after combustion, can reduce engine wear The maintenance cost is low; the natural gas engine is simple to modify, especially the dual-fuel engine modified by the gasoline engine, because of the high cost performance and wide use; more importantly, the fuel cost of the natural gas bus is much lower than the same kilometers. Diesel or gasoline engines have very high economic benefits.
(5) LNG passenger car - LNG (liquefied natural gas) can compress natural gas volume more, can be driven for 500km or even more than 1000km. It is very suitable for long-distance transportation, and LNG is liquid, not affected by natural gas pipeline network. The indicator is significantly better than LPG.
(6) LPG passenger car - LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) performance and use is basically similar to CNG, the reasons for its use are mainly three aspects: one is as a substitute for fuel, the other is clean emissions, low pollution, and the third is to use cheap price. However, since liquefied petroleum gas is also derived from petroleum and has limited resources, promotion has been widely questioned.
(7) Alcohol fuel passenger car - Alcohol fuel mainly refers to methanol and ethanol. At home and abroad, a certain proportion of alcohol fuel is mixed in gasoline, and some regions use a high proportion of alcohol fuel. Because of its wide source of methanol fuel, it can be extracted from natural gas, inferior coal, oil sand, wood chips and other materials that can produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The production process is simple, the equipment is small, and the transportation is convenient. Therefore, it has been mainly used in China. However, international research on ethanol fuel has paid more attention.
(8) Other energy buses - There are mainly DME fuels and hydraulic hybrid buses and super capacitor buses in China.
First, the financial subsidies have retreated, which has largely forced customers to enter the long-term wait-and-see state. “Subsidy reduction has a very direct impact on the purchasing power of customers, resulting in a significant 'shrinking' of demand for new energy buses, which is easy to see from the sales data in the first half of the year,†said Li Yusheng, Minister of Culture and Culture of Zhongtong Bus.
The second and 30,000-kilometer policy has become the “heart disease†of the new energy bus industry. The reporter learned that in order to effectively curb fraudulent behavior and promote the overall improvement of the technical performance of new energy vehicles, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the Notice on Adjusting the Financial Subsidy Policy for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles on December 29 last year, requiring non-private users to purchase New energy vehicles need to accumulate more than 30,000 kilometers to receive state subsidies. The policy was implemented on January 1 this year.
“The introduction of the 30,000 km policy by the state will help promote the healthy development of the industry. However, this has brought unprecedented pressure and challenges to the bus manufacturers. Due to the wide range of our customer base, it is not limited to the bus group, passenger transport companies and other fields. There are also companies that buy new energy buses for leasing, commuter shuttles and short-distance connections. For new energy buses or coaches, it is not difficult to travel 30,000 kilometers cumulatively; but for those who buy new energy buses for commuting For buses and short-distance vehicles, it is very difficult to achieve a mileage of 30,000 kilometers a year, and some even take more than two years to reach 30,000 kilometers. This means that the bus manufacturers cannot obtain the country in time. Subsidies." Li Yusheng believes that the 30,000-kilometer policy will lead to difficulties in capital turnover for new energy bus manufacturers in a one-size-fits-all situation.
Qin Xujun, general manager of the Nanjing Jinlong Light Vehicle Passenger Vehicle Marketing Center, also believes that after the introduction of the 30,000-kilometer policy, the operating costs of the company will be greatly increased. The bus companies can only respond by increasing the price of the car, but this will curb the market demand.
Third, new policies and new regulations are introduced intensively, which is not conducive to the development of enterprises. "The introduction of new policies by the state is conducive to the development of the new energy automobile industry. However, if new policies are introduced too frequently and no easing time is reserved for enterprises, it is easy to cause waste of resources and normal operation of bus companies. Bringing difficulties," said an analyst of a bus company that did not want to be named.
Fourth, it still stays in the technical aspects of core components such as batteries. The relevant person in charge of Ankai Bus Sales Company told the first commercial vehicle network: "In recent years, although the domestic battery technology is constantly improving, but through actual verification, it still exposes many problems. For example, the battery does not charge at high temperature. Electricity, and even cause the vehicle to self-ignite, seriously affects the normal operation of the vehicle, and there are great safety hazards. These technical problems are urgently needed to further improve and improve the manufacturers of the parts and components of the passenger car manufacturers."
Fifth, some insiders believe that in recent years, bus companies have been exhausted by policy-driven efforts, putting most of their energy into the new energy field, ignoring the pursuit of quality improvement of passenger car products. "Cars are still industrial products in the end, quality and quality are the foundation. Many companies are over-pursuing new energy and even busy financing in the capital market, resulting in insufficient research and development, technology and talent investment in the quality of passenger cars. Sustained development is worrying."
Development status and development trend of new energy buses (foreground)Development status of new energy buses
The development of new energy bus in China began in the 1990s. During the period from the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" to the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", in accordance with the national medium- and long-term development plan for science and technology, combined with the development trend of urban bus technology, the three complete vehicles and key components of electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles and fuel cell vehicles were launched. The core technology research and development, launched the application demonstration, aimed at the new energy power system technology of the automobile, the combination of far and near, gradient advancement, established the technical innovation system based on the whole vehicle and the power system platform as the core, key components and common technology.
Significant progress has been made in the research and development and industrialization of energy-saving and new-energy vehicles. The technology platform for pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles and fuel cell vehicles has been initially established. The combination of production, education and research is becoming increasingly close. The core functions of the technology platform are gradually reflected, batteries, motors, etc. The performance of key components was further optimized, and the development of vehicle, platform and component systems achieved progress in stages; the demonstration of the vehicle was gradually deepened, which led to the establishment of the component industry system. This has rapidly promoted the technological innovation, product development and market development of China's energy-saving and new energy passenger cars.
Among them, hybrid vehicles have initially possessed industrial production capacity and entered small-scale commercial demonstration applications; pure electric vehicles have effectively opened up markets in specific regions; the important technical performance of fuel cell vehicles is close to the international advanced level.
1. In the modification stage
New energy bus manufacturing is not yet a positive design, lacking core technology patents. The promotion of safety technology, reliability technology and lightweight technology should be highly valued.
2, power battery performance level
For example, the material, specific energy, specific power, life, price, etc. of the battery are far from the international gap, which restricts the development of new energy buses. Under high temperature and low temperature conditions, problems sometimes occur.
3. Overcapacity
Mainstream enterprises and private enterprises have invested heavily in the construction of new energy bus R&D and manufacturing bases, with a scale of over 50,000 vehicles, which has exceeded market demand and is worrying.
4, high cost investment
Commercial operation is difficult in the short term. The price of new energy bus is higher than that of diesel passenger cars. Bus companies need to rely on government subsidies for car purchases. Take the hybrid bus as an example. If the price of the car is only 150,000 to 200,000 yuan higher than that of the diesel bus, it can compete with the diesel bus. If the technical route defined by the new energy vehicle (such as the hybrid technology route) changes, or the government “weaningâ€, the new energy bus market will fluctuate greatly.
5. The construction of infrastructure such as charging stations lags behind
At present, there are more than 80,000 car filling stations in China, which is the network layout accumulated over decades. If the charging station is to have the same network layout as the car station, it will take at least 10 years.
Development trend of new energy buses (foreground)1. The development trend of new energy buses in the next five years is a steady and continuous increase. Once the subsidy policy for 2016-2020 is made, its stabilization time will remain basically over five years. In the past five years, companies can safely follow the documentation requirements to carry out the work related to new energy vehicles, and no longer worry about changes in subsidy policies. There will be different voices in the development of new energy vehicles in the society. It is only a discussion and will not trigger changes in the state subsidy policy.
2. Pure electric online charging buses or new dual-source trolley buses will become the mainstream models of large-scale new energy buses. "Double-source trolleybus" is a part of pure electric vehicle invented by China in the early 1980s. It is the prototype of today's pure electric bus. This invention originated from the manufacturer of bus passenger cars. The car battery charging is borrowed by the contact network for charging, and the vehicle can be taken off for a short distance. Since people are not aware of the value of this model, the “dual-source trolleybus†has not been upgraded very well. In 2011, after the efforts of the Yangtze River Automobile Company, the work of upgrading the “Double-Source Trackless Bus†to the “Pure Electric Online Charge Bus†was completed. At present, the continuous electric mileage of pure electric online charging buses developed by Yangzijiang Automobile Co., Ltd. has been more than 150 kilometers, and the mass energy consumption per unit (Ekg) is 0.3. Compared with other manufacturers, it is in an absolute leading position, and many manufacturers simply emphasize that the longer the charging mileage is, the longer the better, resulting in a larger energy consumption per unit load.
The successful development of the pure electric online charging bus developed by Yangzijiang Automobile Co., Ltd. has made a great contribution to the inclusion of the new energy vehicle series for today's “Double-source trolleybusâ€. It can be predicted that after the dual-source trolleybuses are included in the new energy vehicle series, 26 cities in the country that retain (or have had) trolleybuses will rapidly popularize pure electric online charging buses or new dual-source trolley buses.
3. The concept of online charging of new energy buses is not limited to the single form of contact network charging. The pure electric bus of 10 meters or more is still based on the contact network charging mode within 3 years. However, under the guidance of the 6-8 meter pure electric bus online charging, there will be multiple charging forms for providing 380V AC power or 600V DC power supply on the operation line (online), such as: at the bus terminal (end) station The ground charging pile, the external power socket of the car charger, and the portable charger for charging with the vehicle. However, with the advancement of charging technology, the concept of online charging on the operating line (online) will be more and more important.
4. The high-power centralized charging station mode will be abandoned by the bus company. The reason is that the new dual-source trolleybus is already a new energy bus, and it is inevitable that the bus company must have its own power station. The management here belongs to the bus company, and the power supply company only needs to provide the power of the power station. The current situation is that bus companies have their own gas stations and gas stations. The objective requirement of the bus company's charging station is to build according to the distribution of bus lines. The charging station service object established by the power supply company cannot be a bus company or a social vehicle. The frequency of the bus lines of the dual-source trolley buses is quite frequent. The charging facilities of pure electric buses must be distributed and must be moved frequently. High-power centralized charging stations cannot do this. The mobile power supply house, which is specially designed for power supply of dual-source trolley buses, has been industrialized domestically. It is in line with the requirements of public transport companies to build distributed charging facilities, with low cost, short cycle and convenient movement.
At present, the promotion of pure electric vehicles that rely on external power grids to charge car batteries will also stagnate.
Features:
Bluetooth dialpad
Enter the number on the dial interface of the watch or mobile phone to enter the dial. The watch and mobile phone will be synchronized in real time.
Phone book
After connecting Bluetooth with your phone, phonebook contacts can be synced to your watch.
Call records
View recent call history of Bluetooth-connected devices.
Information
View phone information for Bluetooth connection with watc.
Motion record
Movement records three color circles, which represent the three data of step counting, exercise and standing
a. Step counting: according to the number of personal information target steps in the exercise record settings, the goal will be displayed full circle
b. Exercise: According to the physical fitness training exercise cumulative time reaches 30 minutes, full circle is displayed
c. Standing: stand and move for at least 1 minute per hour, and if the number of exercise steps reaches 25 steps or more in 1 minute, 1 ratio is recorded, and the target is divided into 12 ratios and a 12-hour full circle is required.
Heart rate
Enter the heart rate menu, the back of the watch must be placed on the skin of the arm, click on the start, the watch will automatically measure the heart rate value.
Blood pressure monitoring
Enter the blood pressure monitoring menu, the back of the watch must be placed on the skin of the arm, click start, the watch will automatically measure the blood pressure value.
Physical Training
Enter the fitness training menu, there are a total of 11 modes to choose from: 1, running 2, skipping 3, sit-up 4, table tennis 5, basketball 6, badminton 7, mountain climbing 8, riding 9, tennis 10, walking 11, Volleyball, you can choose any sport to start, record the current exercise time and calorie data.
Sedentary reminder
Click to enter the sedentary reminder interface, and slide the timing ring upward to enter the setting. After the set time period is determined, click Start. After the sedentary, the bell and vibration will remind you to get up.
Bluetooth connection
a. First turn on the Bluetooth switch of the watch, turn on the Bluetooth switch of the smartphone, and enter the Bluetooth notification menu. Click to automatically search for nearby Bluetooth enabled devices, find the phone device model and pair with it. After successful pairing, the Bluetooth icon in the status bar of the watch will display Green, at this time the watch and mobile phone successfully search for devices. (Via watch-search for equipment, there is vibration and ringing on the mobile phone end; through cellphone-finding device, there is vibration and ringing on the watch end)
b. Search, add, and delete Bluetooth devices, and the name and address of the device's Bluetooth can be viewed in About Phone.
Sleep detection
The watch wears the hand to sleep and automatically enters the sleep monitoring mode; automatically detects the length of your deep / light sleep all night and calculates your sleep quality; the APP can view the sleep data details.
Bluetooth music
After connecting the Bluetooth of the mobile phone, enter the Bluetooth music, click to control the music playback on the Bluetooth device.
Notice
Display information synchronized from the mobile phone, such as: QQ, WeChat, SMS, time, Twitter, Facebook, etc.
Set up
a, voice king (open and close, adjust the volume)
b. Side slip switch (open and close side slip function)
c. Security Settings (Password can be set arbitrarily, up to 8 digits)
d. Bluetooth Settings (enable and disable Bluetooth)
e. Raise the hand and light the screen (open and close the f. temperature unit (switchable Fahrenheit, Celsius)
g, the screen is always on (can be opened and closed)
h, clock (set time and date, change the time system, standby dial)
i, sound (set the incoming call ringing mode and incoming call notification bell ringing)
j, volume (set to adjust the multimedia, incoming ringtone and notification ringtone size)
k, Display (theme style: a variety of built-in UI styles can be switched at any time, set the screen brightness and backlight time
l. Language environment (multiple language modes can be selected)
m. Restore production Settings (this function will clear all the local call records, information, alarm clock, etc., please be careful)
n, About (check the device name and Bluetooth device address)
Recording
Enter the recording menu, click to start, pause, save the recording, and select to play the saved recording from the options menu
APP download
Scan the QR code on the watch side, you can download and install the Bluetooth notification application software.
Alarm
Add alarm reminders based on personal schedule.
Stopwatch
Turn the stopwatch timer on, off, and off.
Remote camera
After the watch is connected to an Android or IOS phone via Bluetooth, you can click the remote camera on the watch to control the phone to open the camera function to take a picture.
Note:IOS's mobile phone needs to enter the settings, click the linked device, then turn on the camera, and then click Remote photography
Search for my device
After the watch is connected to Android or IOS by Bluetooth, tap Search My Device on the watch and the phone will ring.
Calendar
Switching the interface up and down can jump to the date. Calculator
Used for calculation, supports up to 12-digit numerical display.
breathing
Used to adjust the breathing state, adjust the breathing according to the size of the icon
Blood oxygen
Enter the menu of blood oxygen, the back of the watch must be attached to the arm skin, the watch will automatically measure the value of bleeding oxygen.
Body temperature
Enter the temperature menu, the back of the watch must be attached to the arm skin, click "Start", the watch will automatically measure the temperature valueentertainment
Built-in some games, according to the game instructions to operate the entertainment
Music player
The built-in songs can be downloaded through USB, and can be played locally after the next good
Video player
The built-in video can be downloaded via USB, and can be played locally after it is finished
Application
a.Twitter(Turn on / off blocking message notifications)
b.Facebook(Turn on / off blocking message notifications)
c.WhatsApp(Turn on / off blocking message notifications)
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Jiangmen soundrace electronics and technology co.,ltd. , https://www.soundracegroup.com