Since the 1970s, electronic technology has been rapidly developed and widely used in automobiles. In particular, the mandatory requirements of various emission performance, fuel economy and safety performance regulations in recent years have greatly promoted the use of electronic technology in automobiles. The promotion and use of the field has enabled the automotive electronics to continue to improve and its performance has been continuously enhanced.
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1 Automotive electronics technology application status
As a combination of the automotive industry and the electronics industry, the automotive electronics industry has developed rapidly. At present, the electronic products in western developed countries account for 15% to 20% of the total vehicle manufacturing price, and are expected to reach 25% to 35% by 2010. Automotive electronics technology not only promotes the development of the automotive industry, but also greatly promotes the development of the electronic product market. Modern automotive electronics technology plays an irreplaceable role in improving vehicle dynamics, economy, safety, driving stability and ride comfort. Specifically, the application of automotive electronics technology can be divided into the following four aspects.
1.1 Power Transmission Electronic Control System
It mainly includes electronic control of the engine (including gasoline engine and diesel engine), automatic transmission control (ECT, CVT/ECVT, etc.) and integrated electronic control of the power transmission assembly. The control system is mainly composed of various sensors, actuators and electronic control units (ECUs). The main purpose is to ensure that the car can operate under the best conditions under different working conditions, and simplify the driver's operation, thereby reducing fuel consumption and emissions, reducing the impact of the power transmission system, reducing the labor intensity of the driver and improving The power, economy and comfort of a car.
1.2 Chassis electronic control system
Includes brake anti-skid and dynamic body control systems (ABS/ASR, ESP/VDC), traction control systems, suspension and vehicle height control systems, tire monitoring systems (TPMS), cruise control systems (CCS), steering control systems (eg 4WS), drive control system (such as 4WD). It is mainly used to improve the safety, comfort and power of automobiles. In recent years, such control systems have been widely adopted in ordinary cars.
1.3 Body electronic control system
Mainly includes airbag (SRS), automatic seat, automatic air conditioning control, interior noise control, central security door lock, visual field lighting control, automatic wiper, automatic door and window, automatic collision avoidance system and power supply for different electrical equipment Management system. Mainly used to enhance the safety, comfort and convenience of the car.
1.4 Multimedia entertainment, communication system
It mainly includes car multimedia system, driver information system, voice system, intelligent transportation system (1TS), vehicle navigation system (GPS/DGPS, etc.), computer network system, condition monitoring and fault diagnosis system. It is used to link “people-car-environmental environment information†and coordinate electronic control functions of various parts of the vehicle.
2 Automotive electronic technology development trend
With more advanced smart sensors, fast-responding actuators, high-performance ECUs, advanced control strategies, computer network technology, radar technology, and the widespread use of 3rd generation mobile communication technologies in automobiles, Hyundai is moving toward more The development of mechatronics products with intelligence, automation and information technology is in the direction of achieving the perfect coordination of “human-car-environmentâ€.
2.1 Sensor
With the development of automotive electronics, the higher the automation, the greater the dependence on the sensor. The variety of sensors for automobiles and the increase in the number of uses have led to the development of sensors in the direction of multi-functionality, integration, intelligence and miniaturization. These will enable future intelligent integrated sensors to not only provide signals for simulation and processing, but also to amplify signals, etc.; it also automatically performs time drift, temperature drift and nonlinear self-correction. Strong resistance to external electromagnetic interference, ensuring that the quality of the sensor signal is not affected, even in particularly harsh conditions, it can maintain high accuracy; in addition, it has the advantages of compact structure and easy installation. The influence of mechanical properties.
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2.2 Microprocessor (ECU)
Since 1976, when General Motors successfully applied ECUs to the control system of automotive engines, the automotive electronic control system has entered a new high-speed development stage, and then the ECU is applied to powertrain, body, safety and other control systems. Due to the special requirements of reliability, information processing capability, real-time control capability and cost of automotive ECUs, ECUs developed based on general-purpose chips have been difficult to meet the requirements of automotive electronic control systems. Therefore, multi-channel synchronous real-time control has been developed. The automotive ECU system with A/D and D/A, self-diagnosis, high input/output and other functions has high practical significance. With the increasing concentration of automotive electronic control, the amount of information that ECUs need to process continues to increase. Therefore, 16- and 32-bit ECUs will become the first choice for future automotive ECUs. It is expected that demand will increase by more than 50% in the next few years. The mainstream of automotive ECU.
2.3 Actuator
The actuators currently used in automobiles are mainly electromagnetic, electric and pneumatic/hydraulic. Electromagnetic and electric actuators are electrically powered actuators that are small in size, light in weight, fast in response, and low in energy consumption. However, compared to pneumatic/hydraulic actuators, the output drive capability is Insufficient to meet the needs of large drive output in the future automotive control field. However, with the adoption of new materials, new processes, and new institutional designs,
Electromagnetic and electric actuators will gradually replace pneumatic/hydraulic actuators. Especially after the replacement of the new 42V power supply system in the future, the output drive capability will be greatly improved, which can completely replace the traditional pneumatic/hydraulic system.
2.4 Control Strategy
At present, the PID control theory is widely used in automotive electronic control systems. It is a classical control theory used in single input/output, linear constant systems. However, because the objects that need to be controlled in automobiles often have strong time-varying and Nonlinearity, the input and output parameters of the control system are also increasing. It is inevitable to adopt modern control theory based on state space and suitable for multiple input/output and nonlinear time-varying systems, such as optimal control and self-adaptation. Control, fuzzy control, etc.
2.5 bus technology
The bus technology is used to connect various electronic control units, intelligent sensors and smart meters in the automobile to form an internal LAN of the automobile, and realize information resource sharing between the systems. The main advantages are: 1 greatly reducing the number of wire harnesses, connection points and volume, improving system reliability and maintainability; 7 using universal sensors to achieve data information sharing purposes; 3 improving system flexibility, that is, through system software Changes in system functionality can be achieved. According to different functions, SAE divides the bus into three categories: A, B, and C. Class A is a low-speed network for sensors and actuators. It is mainly used for rearview mirror adjustment, lighting control, electric windows, etc. Control, etc., the current mainstream of Class A is LIN; Class B is a data sharing medium speed network used between independent modules, mainly used for automotive comfort, fault diagnosis, instrument display and four-door central control, etc. Its current mainstream is low speed. CAN (also known as power CAN); Class C is a multi-channel transmission network for high-speed, real-time closed-loop control. It is mainly used for the control of engines, ABS and automatic transmissions, airbags, etc. Currently, the mainstream of Class C is high-speed CAN (also known as power). CAN), but with the development of the next-generation high-speed, fault-tolerant time-triggered "X by Wire'' line control technology, it will gradually replace the position of high-speed CAN in the C-class network, and strive to be in the next 5-10 years. The traditional automotive mechanical system becomes a 100% electronic control system connected to the high-performance CPU through the high-speed fault-tolerant communication bus. It does not need the support of the backup mechanical system. It mainly represents TTP/C and Flex Ray.
2.6 New 42V power supply
With the continuous development of automotive electronic control technology, the proportion of automotive electronic devices in the entire vehicle and the corresponding power consumption continue to increase, so that the existing 12V power system power supply capacity tends to be saturated or insufficient to meet the next generation of vehicles. New electronic equipment needs in the design, such as camshaft-free electromagnetic electronically controlled gas phase mechanism, flywheel hybrid starter-generator system, electric heating three-way catalytic converter, and new electric brake and electric power steering systems, etc. It is difficult to achieve in the traditional 12V power system, and these new technologies are recognized as an important direction for the future development of automotive technology. Therefore, a power supply system using a higher supply voltage becomes an inevitable trend.
2.7 Security Technology
From the large-scale international automotive technology seminars and exhibitions held in the past two years (such as "2004 International ITS Conference", "Convergence 2004 International Automotive Electronics Show", etc.), it can be seen that the important development direction of automotive electronic control in the future is the field of automotive safety. . There are mainly the following directions: 1 using radar technology and vehicle camera technology to develop various automatic collision avoidance systems; 2 using near-infrared technology to develop various safety systems that can monitor driver behavior; 3 high-performance tire comprehensive monitoring system; Adapt to the automatic driving system; 5 driver identification system; 6 airbags and ABS/ASR, as well as the body dynamics control system will be more perfect.
2.8 Multimedia Entertainment and Intelligent Communication System
With the continuous development of the third generation of mobile communication technology and computer network technology, the future car is moving towards mobile, office and home theater, providing drivers and passengers with ongoing real-time communication and entertainment information, and Roads and other remote service systems are combined to build the future Intelligent Transportation System (1TS). Specific functions: 1 Provide a rich multimedia environment, use GPS, GSM network to achieve navigation, driving guide, wireless Internet and the interaction of the car and the family and other external environments. 2 With remote car diagnostic function, it can guide the rescue service agency to the fault or accident location in an emergency.
3 Conclusion
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Sp; Since the 1970s, the rapid development of the automotive industry has been driven by electronic technology, and 70% of the technological innovation in the automotive field in the next few years will come from the advancement of electronic technology. It can be seen that the role played by electronic technology in the future automotive industry is irreplaceable. For China's automobile industry, the automotive electronics industry is still in the early stage. Therefore, we must correctly grasp the future development direction of automotive electronic technology and accelerate the research and development of related technologies in order to form our own advantages and realize the rapid rise of the national automobile industry.
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